春秋时期的共同性思想刍议——以《左传》《国语》为中心的探讨

A Discussion of Homogeneity Thought in the Spring and Autumn Period:An Exploration Centered on Zuozhuan and Guoyu

春秋时期是早期中国社会大转型的前奏阶段,在共同性思想上既有对上古三代依据血缘、亲情的祖先神信仰、礼法制度、德行教化等的继承,又呈现出从重血缘、亲情的礼法向重才能、相对平等的法治等新思想演进的趋势。就传世文献看,春秋时期所关注的共同性思想一方面是源于反思人类重大伦理政治生活中的共同性问题,另一方面是源于反思人类饮食、音乐等日常生活中的共同性问题。就春秋时期达到共同性的路径而言,主要是依据血缘、亲情的礼治和依据功利、能力的法治两大类。前者是规范社会生活、达到人际亲和关系的基本路径;后者更多是春秋时期社会变革的产物,它是一种新的更有效的达到共同性的路径。春秋时期开启了关于共同性思想本身内涵的讨论,比如辨析“同”“和”“比”“党”等标志共同性思想的观念之间的差别,这些围绕共同性思想内涵的讨论是对思想观念本身的反思,亦是先秦诸子相关思想的源头。

The Spring and Autumn period is the prelude stage of the great transformation of early Chinese society.The homogeneity thought in that time not only inherit the ancestor god belief,the system of etiquette and moral education based on blood and kinship of the Three Dynasties,but also appear the sign of transmission to relatively equal thought based on personal talent and public law.As far as the acient literature concerned,the homogeneity thought of the Spring and Autumn period is derived from the reflection of the common problems in the major ethical and political life as well as the daily life such as diet and music.In the Spring and Autumn period,there are two main ways to achieve homogeneity:the rule of etiquette based on blood and kinship and the rule of law based on utility and ability.The former is the basic way to standardize social life and achieve interpersonal affinity.The latter is more a product of the social changes in the Spring and Autumn period,and it is a new and more effective way to achieve homogeneity.The Spring and Autumn period opened the discussion on the connotation of the homogeneity,such as distinguishing the concepts of“same”“harmony”“comparison”and“party”that marked the common thought.These discussions around the connotation of the homogeneity thought were reflections on the idea itself,and also the source of the related thoughts of Confucius and other pre-Qin scholars.