浅析现代新儒学的知识化自安问题——从冯友兰、牟宗三对“儒学”的“哲学”界定说起

The Self-Responsibility of Intellectualization in Contemporary Neo-Confucianism:From the Philosophical Transformation of Confucianism by Feng Youlan and Mou Zongsan

经由牟宗三的批评和随后而来的反批评,冯友兰与牟宗三的学问分别被指为“脓包哲学”“癔症哲学”,现代新儒家“同室操戈”,本应作为“共识”的“儒学”似乎被弄丢不见了。不过究其实,冯友兰和牟宗三都有志于通过“讲道理”来为儒学在世界文明史中争得一席之地。他们认为,面对社会生活的沧桑巨变,用语言文字把传统儒学的那些“常道”合逻辑、合知识地表达出来以说服人,成了现代新儒学的“第一义”,否则儒学在这个时代里便无法自安。在此共识下,牟宗三哲学是“至高无上的教”的一个现代流露,冯友兰哲学是众多“知识性的学”中的一个现代成员,两者的差别就是“烟酒咖啡”与“菽粟布帛”的差别,虽不同,但却都是生活、生命之所需。有此生命、生活,中国哲学的现代性转化便能开辟出自己的道路,而现代新儒学的未来也才真实可期。

As a result of Mou Zongsan’s criticisms and subsequent counter-criticisms,Feng Youlan’s and Mou Zongsan’s Confucianism study have been labeled as“pustule philosophy”and“hysteria philosophy”respectively.contemporary neo-Confucianism is facing internal struggles.Confucianism,which should be the“constant Tao”,has been lost.In fact,both Feng Youlan and Mou Zongsan aspired to fight for a place for Confucianism in the history of world civilization through“reasoning”.Acknowledging the vicissitudes of social life,they believe that it is the primary task of contemporary neo-Confucianism to logically and intellectually express those“constant Tao”of traditional Confucianism,otherwise Confucianism will have no place in this era.In this consensus,Mou Zongsan’s philosophy is a modern manifestation of the“supreme civilize”,and Feng Youlan’s philosophy is a modern member of the many“intellectual studies”,and the difference between them is the difference between“cigarettes,wine,coffee”and“beans,millet,cloth and silk”.They are both necessary for life.With this kind of life,Chinese modernization can open up its own path,and the future of contemporary neo-Confucianism can be truly expected.