精神政治与自由危机——关于新自由主义精神治理术的批判与反思

Spiritual Politics and the Crisis of Freedom——Criticism and Reflection on Neoliberalism Spiritual Governance

作为一种极为隐蔽且攻心为上的治理权术,精神政治将人的精神视作新的生产力并利用数字技术作为政治统治和社会治理的工具。究其实质,精神政治就是要通过“优化思想”来造就一批从心理上慑服资本及其统治的仆从。在资本主义生产方式中,新自由主义关于自由的许诺不过是一张空头支票和精神压榨的噱头。以自我剥削、自我强迫为主要特点的精神治理术俨然造就了剥削者和被剥削者难分彼此、施害者和受害者合二为一的情形。功绩主体臆想自己的自由处境,现实的个人却在无形社会压力的裹挟下苟延残喘,精神倦怠与心理抑郁等时代症候无不控诉着主体陷入了更深层次的自由危机。面对精神政治的运作逻辑及其社会后果,唯有对资本及其逻辑的实质性批判,方能真正破除精神枷锁、实现精神解放。

Spiritual politics,as an extremely covert and psychologically penetrating governance strategy,considers the human spirit as a novel productive force and employs digital technology as a tool for political dominance and social governance.Essentially,spiritual politics seeks to cultivate a cohort of individuals psychologically subservient to capital and its authority through optimizing thoughts.Within the framework of capitalist production,the neoliberalism promise of freedom is revealed to be an illusory concept,serving merely as a pretext for spiritual exploitation.The predominant features of spiritual politics,characterized by self-exploitation and self-coercion,blur the boundaries between oppressors and the oppressed,perpetrators and victims.While meritorious subjects imagine their own free situation,individuals in reality are struggling under invisible social pressure.Manifestations of this crisis include spiritual fatigue and psychological malaise,symptomatic of a deeper societal affliction.Faced with the operating logic of spiritual politics and its social consequences,only through substantive criticism of capital and its logic can we truly break free from spiritual shackles and achieve spiritual emancipation.