晚年马克思社会形态理论革新的再探析

A Re-analysis of the Innovation of Marx's Theory of the Social Formation in His Later Years

马克思的社会形态理论革新呈现为对社会历史的持续探索而不断地调整唯物史观整体致思方向的开放性过程。以人类史前史和东方社会史研究成果为理论前提并借助于地质学中用以描述地质层系构成的“原生、次生和再次生类型”概念,晚年马克思尝试性地构建具有历史普遍性与“历史具体”内在张力的社会形态演进图式。新的社会形态理论研究完善了关于人类原初社会形态的认识,论证了东西方社会形态演进的差异化路径,重新唤醒了东方社会作为“实际地改变和变革现存社会”推动力量的自觉意识,从而在尊重人类历史发展规律的同时,指明了从具体民族的生产方式与历史前提来探索人之解放这一根本指向的具体化路径。

The Innovation of Marx's Theory of the Social Formation presents an opening process of ongoing exploration of social history and continuous adjustment of the overall thinking form of historical materialism.In his later years,Marx attempted to construct a social formation evolution schema with historical universality and internal tension of historical concreteness,based on the theoretical prerequisite of the research achievements on human prehistory and oriental social history and with the help of the concept of primary,secondary,and regenerated types used in geology to describe the composition of geological strata.The research on the new social formation theory has improved the original human social formation,demonstrated the differentiated paths of the evolution of social formations between the East and West,and reawakened the consciousness of oriental society as a driving force for actual change and transformation of existing societies.Thus,while respecting the laws of the development of human history,indicated a concrete path to explore human emancipation from the modes of production and historical premises of specific nations.