“双碳”目标下中国石油企业绿色减碳路径

Carbon reduction paths for Chinese oil companies under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

为有效应对全球变暖问题,并如期实现“双碳”目标,国内各石油企业均采取了针对性的减碳降碳措施。为进一步明确“双碳”目标下中国石油企业绿色减碳路径,在对目前中国碳排放情况、石油企业减碳措施分析的基础上,明晰了减碳现存的困难与技术难点,并提出了石油企业减碳路径的建议。研究结果表明:①在油气生产利用过程中,温室气体排放主要集中在上游环节;②锚定“双碳”目标不动摇,在能源保供、提质增效的同时,深入推进“CCUS”“碳减排”“碳替代”“碳交易”等减碳方法,在一定程度上降低了碳排放;③石油企业因地制宜开发风能、太阳能、地热能、氢能、海洋新能源等,逐步推动能源绿色转型。最后根据调研结果和中国石油企业的现状,提出了以下减碳路径建议:①构建科学合理的多能互补能源体系,实现常规能源与新能源的协同开发;②发展低成本且高效的化石能源开采技术、清洁能源开发技术、数字化碳中和技术等,提高技术原始创新能力,并把握新一轮产业革命与技术变革的主动权;③加强与国际国内企业、地方政府、高等院校、研究院所的交流合作,促进相关技术的持续发展,并培养专业技术人才。

To cope with the global warming and achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,Chinese oil companies have taken a series of carbon reduction measures.This paper analyzes the current carbon emissions in China and the carbon reduction measures taken by oil companies,and clarifies the challenges in carbon reduction.Finally,some carbon reduction paths are proposed for the Chinese oil companies.The results indicate that in the process of oil and gas production and utilization,greenhouse gas is mainly emitted in the upstreams.The Chinese oil companies adopt carbon capture,carbon reduction,carbon substitution,and carbon emission trading methods to reduce the carbon emissions,while maintaining energy supply and improving quality and efficiency.Moreover,some companies have been developing wind energy,solar energy,geothermal energy,hydrogen energy and marine new energy according to local conditions,gradually promoting the green transformation of energy.According to the research results and the current situation of Chinese oil enterprises,some carbon reduction paths are proposed.First,a scientific and reasonable multi-energy complementation system should be built to realize the collaborative development of conventional energy and new energy.Second,low-cost and efficient technologies should be developed in fossil energy mining,clean energy development,and digital carbon neutrality,etc.,and the initial innovation capability should be enhanced to address.Moreover,initiative actions should be taken in the new round of industrial revolution and technological transformation.Third,the exchange and cooperation with national/international enterprises,local governments,universities/colleges,and research institutes should be strengthened to ensure the advancement of associated technologies and to cultivate professional and technical talents.