列车火灾隐患分析研究和应用

Fire Hazard Analysis and Application in Trains

[目的]火灾事故是地铁运营中主要的安全事故,为将火灾隐患降低至可接受水平,确保列车的安全运行,特进行本研究。[方法]将EN 50126-2:2017《铁路应用-可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性(RAMS)的规范和证明第2部分系统安全方法》的安全分析方法应用在城市轨道交通车辆火灾隐患分析中;通过对着火源和易燃物的识别,建立各系统火灾隐患清单;结合HAZOP(危险与可操作性分析)法,对导致火灾发生的部件进行详细分析,并识别火灾发生原因;在车辆设计中对不同场景进行火灾隐患识别,提出减轻措施,并跟踪管理风险解决措施直至风险降低到可接受的水平。[结果及结论]将地铁车辆火灾隐患分析中识别出的火灾区域,应用至火灾仿真分析场景方案中,通过仿真结果对地铁车辆火灾隐患区域进行了再次修正,并将研究结果应用至火灾报警系统设计中,能够更加合理布置火灾报警探测。

[Objective]Fire accidents are major safety hazards in metro operation.To reduce fire hazards to an acceptable level and ensure the safe operation of trains,the research is specifically carried out.[Method]The safety analysis method outlined in EN 50126-2:2017(Railway Applications–The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability,Availability,Maintainability,and Safety(RAMS)–Part 2:Systems Approach to Safety)is applied to analyze fire hazards in urban rail transit vehicle.Fire hazard lists for each system are established by identifying ignition sources and combustible materials.Using the HAZOP(hazard and operability analysis)method,components contributing to fire incidents are analyzed in detail to identify the causes of fires.Fire hazard identification is carried out in different scenarios during vehicle design,proposing mitigation measures,and tracking risk management measures until the risks are reduced to an acceptable level.[Result&Conclusion]The identified fire areas from the analysis of fire hazards in metro vehicles are applied to the scenario schemes of fire simulation analysis.The simulation results are used to further refine the fire hazard areas in metro vehicles,and the research results are applied to the design of fire alarm systems,enabling a more reasonable arrangement of fire alarm detection.