空调系统对地铁车内噪声影响与优化分析

Impact of Air-conditioning Systems on Metro Vehicle Interior Noise and Optimization Analysis

[目的]地铁车内噪声影响着乘车的舒适性,其中空调系统对地铁车辆车内噪声的影响不容忽视,因此有必要对相关问题进行研究,以期提高乘客的乘车体验感。[方法]基于SEA(统计能量分析)法,建立了地铁列车车内噪声仿真模型,并结合空调机组实测声源数据,进行仿真计算;研究了空调机组对车内噪声影响及优化方法。[结果及结论]在静置工况下,空调噪声对车内噪声影响最大;在运行工况下,由于动车受到牵引系统噪声的影响,空调系统对拖车车内噪声的影响比动车大;随着地铁运行速度的提高,轮轨噪声占主要成分,空调对车内噪声的影响降低;空调系统对车内噪声影响主要在400 Hz以下的中低频段,而在400 Hz以上频率成分主要由轮轨噪声及牵引系统噪声导致。地铁车辆空调系统送风口对车内噪声贡献量较大,通过优化送风口可显著降低该地铁车内噪声。

[Objective]Metro vehicle interior noise affects passenger comfort,with the air-conditioning system causing an undeniable impact.Therefore,it is necessary to study related issues to improve passenger’s riding experience.[Method]Using the SEA(statistical energy analysis)method,a simulation model for metro vehicle interior noise is established,and simulated calculations are performed based on field-measured sound source data from air-conditioning units.The impact of air-conditioning units on interior noise and optimization methods are investigated.[Result&Conclusion]The results indicate that under static conditions,air-conditioning noise has the greatest impact on vehicle interior noise.Under operating conditions,due to the influence of traction system noise on the trailer cars,the impact of air-conditioning system on interior noise in trailer cars is greater than in motor cars.As metro operating speed increases,wheel-rail noise becomes the main component,reducing the impact of air-conditioning on interior noise.The air-conditioning system mainly affects interior noise in the mid-to-low frequency range below 400 Hz,while frequency components above 400 Hz are primarily caused by wheel-rail noise and traction system noise.Since the air supply outlet of metro vehicle air-conditioning system contributes significantly to interior noise,optimizing the air supply outlet can significantly reduce interior noise levels.