某铝盘地铁项目制动噪声原因分析

Cause analysis of Braking Noise of A Metro Project with Aluminum Disc

[目的]某项目制动盘在制动最后停车阶段产生较大噪声,造成的环境噪声污染影响到车辆段周围住户休息及乘客乘车舒适度,故需对其噪声形成的原因进行相关分析。[方法]选取1列典型噪声车,在其转向架夹钳吊耳和闸片托上安装振动加速度传感器;在夹钳上安装声音传感器,对其进行试验。根据不同工况下,对不同转向架发生噪声及夹钳振动频率的关系进行分析。[结果及结论]经过检测发现:噪声制动盘在制动时产生约300 Hz的振动,振动伴随着整个噪声过程;噪声原因为制动盘与夹钳在制动时产生共振导致。解决其噪声的方法:在制动过程中充分采用电制动,以减少气制动使用,使制动噪声降低;通过闸片倒角或更换制动夹钳固定螺栓等改变制动夹钳振动频率,降低制动盘与夹钳制动的共振。

[Objective]In a certain project,significant noise is generated during the last braking parking phase,affecting the surrounding residents rest and passenger comfort due to noise pollution caused by braking.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the causes of the noise.[Method]A typical noisy train is selected,and vibration acceleration sensors are installed on the caliper hanger and brake pad support.Sound sensors are installed on the caliper for experimentation.The relationship between noise occurrence and caliper vibration frequency under different operating conditions for different bogies are analyzed.[Result&Conclusion]Through testing,it is found that during braking,the brake disc generates vibrations around 300 Hz,with vibration accompanying the entire noise process.The noise is caused by resonance between the brake disc and the caliper during braking.To mitigate the noise,it is recommended to use electric braking as much as possible during braking to reduce the use of pneumatic braking,thereby reducing braking noise.Additionally,modifying the brake pad chamfer or replacing the caliper fixing bolts to change the caliper vibration frequency can help to reduce resonance between the brake disc and the caliper during braking.