地铁车辆车轮磨耗和镟修策略研究

Research on Metro Vehicle Wheel Wear and Reprofiling Strategy

[目的]车轮磨耗对地铁车辆的振动环境有直接影响,异常磨耗严重时引发车辆结构疲劳超限,降低列车运行的安全性,故有必要研究地铁车辆车轮磨耗和镟修策略,以提高地铁车辆车轮运维的水平。[方法]以国内某型地铁车辆作为研究对象,分析了地铁车辆车轮磨耗规律;根据地铁车辆车轮磨耗模型和车轮剩余寿命预测,分析了车轮关键参数在不同运营阶段的变化特征;综合仿真模型和实测数据的结果,提出了运维策略的优化方案。[结果及结论]运营前期车轮损耗量中镟修占比较高,随着轮轨匹配性的改善,轮轨磨耗取代镟修损耗成为轮轨的主要磨耗方式;适当降低轮轨摩擦因数和运营速度有利于降低轮轨磨耗功率;采用小等级镟修方法和灵活进刀量有效降低了车轮径向损耗量,延迟了车轮服役寿命。研究结果可为地铁线路轮轨磨耗的减缓和车轮镟修技术的优化提供应对措施。

[Objective]Wheel wear directly affects the vibration environment of metro vehicles.Severe abnormal wear can lead to structural fatigue exceeding the limit,reducing the safety of train operation.Therefore,it is necessary to study the wear and reprofiling strategy of metro vehicle wheels to improve the maintenance level.[Method]Taking a certain type of metro vehicle in China as the research object,the wear law of metro vehicle wheels is analyzed.Based on the wear model of metro vehicle wheels and the prediction of wheel remaining service life,the variation characteristics of wheel key parameters in different operating stages are analyzed.Based on the comprehensive results of simulation models and field-measured data,an optimization plan for the operation and maintenance strategy is proposed.[Result&Conclusion]The results indicate that in the early stage of operation,the proportion of wheel loss from reprofiling is relatively high,and with the improvement of wheel-rail matching,wheel-rail wear replaces reprofiling loss as the main wear mode.Properly reducing the wheel-rail friction coefficient and the operating speed is beneficial for reducing the wheel-rail wear power.The use of small-scale reprofiling methods and flexible feed amount effectively reduces wheel radial wear and prolongs their service life.The research results can provide corresponding measures for reducing wheel-rail wear on metro lines and optimizing wheel reprofiling technology.