基于特征物理量的铁道车辆脱轨检测技术研究

Research on Derailment Detection Technology of Railway Vehicles Based on Characteristic Physical Quantities

近年来,铁道车辆迅速发展,但伴随着的安全问题也愈发引起的社会关注,其中脱轨问题毋庸置疑成为人们关注的焦点,所以对于铁道车辆的脱轨检测技术的研究具有重大意义。经过长时间的探索研究,前人使用经典的脱轨系数、轮重减载率等指标判断铁道车辆是否面临脱轨风险时,存在日常运营车辆的轮轨力难以检测、信息传递滞后等问题。针对以上问题,本文首先进行铁道车辆脱轨模拟仿真实验,确定轮对脱轨失效显著且易测的脱轨特征物理量即轮对横向加速度和侧倾角;其次,使用复合传感器检测仿真模拟时的轮对运行状态,通过实时检测车辆运行时轮对的状态,从而设计出一种脱轨的在线检测方案;然后,基于铁道车辆脱轨模拟仿真实验,分析铁道车辆行驶在直线与曲线工况下的轮对脱轨时对应的观测量阈值,并对车辆行驶在曲线路段设置的超高所引入的额外侧倾角进行补偿;最后,根据脱轨检测方案设计一套脱轨检测与预警系统,采用仿真算例来验证设计方案的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明:设计的脱轨检测技术方案可实现对车辆脱轨故障的有效检测,能有效支撑脱轨预警系统的开发,达到保护乘客和车辆安全的目的。此研究对于铁道车辆的快速安全发展具有一定的价值,为铁道车辆的脱轨检测技术的研究提供了更多思路。

In recent years,railway vehicles have developed rapidly,but the accompanying safety problems have also attracted more and more social attention.Among them,the derailment problem has undoubtedly become the focus of attention,so the research on the derailment detection technology of railway vehicles is of great significance.After a long period of exploration and research,when the predecessors used the classical derailment coefficient,wheel load reduction rate and other indicators to determine whether the railway vehicle was facing the risk of derailment,there were problems such as difficulty in detecting the wheel-rail force of the daily operating vehicle and lagging information transmission.In view of the above problems,this paper first carries out the simulation experiment of railway vehicle derailment,and determines the characteristic physical quantities of derailment,namely,lateral acceleration and roll angle of wheelset,which are significant and easy to measure.Secondly,the composite sensor is used to detect the running state of the wheel set in the simulation.By detecting the state of the wheel set in real time,an online detection scheme for derailment is designed.Then,based on the simulation experiment of railway vehicle derailment,the observation threshold corresponding to the derailment of wheelsets running on straight and curve conditions is analyzed,and the additional roll angle introduced by the superelevation of the vehicle running on the curve section is compensated.Finally,Finally,a set of derailment detection and early warning system is designed according to the derailment detection scheme,and the feasibility and effectiveness of the design scheme are verified by simulation examples.The research results show that the designed derailment detection technology scheme can effectively detect the derailment fault of the vehicle,effectively support the development of the derailment warning system,and achieve the purpose of protecting the safety of passengers and vehicles.This research has certain value for the rapid and safe development of railway vehicles,and it is a derailment detection technology for railway vehicles.