南太湖6种典型鱼类中全氟化合物的分布特征及其健康风险

Distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in six typical fish species from South Taihu Lake and their health risks

为阐明南太湖地区传统和新兴的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的残留分布,并分析这类污染物对当地人类的潜在健康风险,本研究检测了从中国南太湖流域采集的6种常见可食用鱼的4种组织(肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和肌肉)中的PFASs浓度.在所有鱼类组织中,全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)以483 ng·g^(-1)湿重的高浓度占据主导地位,其次是全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟十一酸(PFUnDA)和全氟十二酸(PFDA)也拥有较高浓度.与传统全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)相似,新兴污染物6∶2氟调聚物磺酸盐(6∶2 FTS)和8∶2氟调聚物磺酸盐(8∶2 FTS)在鱼的肝脏中含量最高,然而全氟辛烷磺酰胺(PFOSA)在肾脏和脾脏中含量较高,这可能是由于其在鱼体内发生生物转化.鱼类体内的PFAS浓度可能与鱼类生活的水位和捕食习惯有关,在中下层水域活动的底栖肉食性鱼类体内的PFAS浓度更高.经计算,所有鱼类的全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)和PFOS的危害比(HRs)分别为0~0.0134和0.660~1.54,在6种鱼类中,花?和红鳍鲌的HRs超过1.0,这意味着经常食用这两种从南太湖采集的鱼类,可能危害食用者的身体健康.

To elucidate the distribution characteristics of traditional and emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in South Taihu Lake and to analyze their potential health risks,the residual levels of PFASs in the tissues(liver,kidney,spleen,and muscle)of six regular consumption fish species collected from South Taihu Lake,China,were measured.The results showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),with a high residual level of 483 ng·g^(-1)wet weight,was the predominant PFASs in the fish tissues,followed by perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA),perfluoroundecanoic acid(PFUnDA)and perfluorodecanoic acid(PFDA).Similar to traditional perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs),emerging contaminants 6∶2 fluorotoluene sulfonate(6∶2 FTS)and 8∶2 fluorotoluene sulfonate(8∶2 FTS)were higher level in the liver,while perfluorooctane sulfonamide(PFOSA)was higher in the kidney and spleen,posssibly due to their biotransformation in the fish.The contamination levels of PFASs in fish bodies appeared to be associated with fish and feeding behaviours,with higher PFASs concentrations found in benthic carnivorous fishes.The hazard ratios(HRs)for perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and PFOS were calculated to be 0~0.0134 and 0.660~1.54 for the six fish species,respectively.Moreover,HRs for H.maculatesh and C.erythropterus exceeded 1.0,implying that regular consumption of these two fish species from South Taihu Lake possibly endangers the health of consumers.