“一个连续过程”与“三个阶段”:抑郁青少年情绪失调的原因探析

“A continuous process”and“three stages”:An analysis of the etiology of emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents

当前抑郁逐渐低龄化使得青少年的情绪失调问题备受关注。情绪调节能力作为情绪稳定的关键因素,能够帮助青少年对自身情绪状态进行有效管理;而调节情绪的动态性和多阶段加工过程等特性则是情绪调节的重要组成部分,对其研究有利于系统地阐明抑郁青少年情绪失调的特征及原因。扩展过程模型将情绪调节过程分为识别、选择和执行三个阶段,强调阶段之间相互影响的关系,还原了情绪调节的动态过程。基于该模型对抑郁青少年在情绪调节三阶段的特征进行梳理,结果发现其在各阶段均存在缺陷。考虑到三阶段的整体性和连续性,为了明确抑郁青少年情绪失调是哪一阶段的受损或中断对后续阶段产生了影响、影响的程度如何以及采用指导性的干预是否可以改变这种影响,未来研究可以:1)通过脑电技术与漂移扩散模型相结合的方式还原情绪调节的动态变化过程;2)更为全面地研究不同抑郁症状水平青少年的特点;3)关注情绪反应性异常的双重性,更为系统地揭示抑郁青少年情绪失调的原因,以此来探究抑郁青少年情绪失调的干预路径和举措。

Currently,depression is increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents,thereby raising concerns about emotional dysregulation in this population.The pivotal role of emotional regulation ability in maintaining emotional stability and effectively managing one's emotional state during adolescence is becoming more apparent.Understanding the dynamic nature of emotion regulation and its multi-stage processing is crucial for comprehensively elucidating the characteristics and causes of emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents.To capture the dynamic nature of emotion regulation,the extended process model divides the emotion regulation process into three stages:identification stage,selection stage,and implementation stage,highlighting their mutual influence.Building upon this model,our study examines the characteristics of depressed adolescents across these three stages of emotion regulation,revealing deficiencies within each stage.Given the interconnectedness and continuity between these stages,future research can systematically investigate which specific impairments or disruptions in emotional dysregulation affect subsequent stages among depressed adolescents;to what extent they do so;and whether directive interventions can mitigate such effects.To achieve this goal more comprehensively,we propose employing the following methods:1)integrating EEG technology with drift diffusion models to reconstruct the dynamic process of emotion regulation;2)conducting a comprehensive investigation on individuals with varying degrees of depressive symptoms during adolescence;3)focusing on dual aspects of abnormal emotional reactivity to explore intervention pathways and measures targeting emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents.