宋明以来许真君信仰的发展与演变

The Development and Evolution of Xuxun Worship Since Song and Ming Dynasties

宋明以来,作为一种文化现象,许真君信仰及其内涵经历了一个不断建构和转换的过程。宋明时期,在以王安石、张位、万恭为代表的士人塑造下,许真君从“净明祖师作”转变为“祀典之神”。至清代,在地方官绅的推崇和阐释下,许真君成为“江西福主”,并得到商民阶层的认同和接受,增添了“乡土之神”的色彩。而民间社会中的香会、绅士、商人、移民和家族组织等社会群体的实践,赋予了许真君信仰多元的社会文化意义。许真君从“净明祖师”到“祀典之神”,再至“江西福主”和“乡土之神”的形象演变,既是不同历史时期士人群体、官方祀典、地方官绅对许真君信仰的诠释和建构的结果,又是特定乡村社会不同组织利用许真君信仰这一象征的产物,集中反映了王朝礼制、士大夫、商业化与地方文化创造的互动过程,揭示了中国社会文化统一多元形成的历史机制。

Since the Song and Ming Dynasties,as a cultural phenomenon,Xuxun Worship and its connotation have experienced a process of continuous construction and transformation.In the period of Song and Ming Dynasties,under the shape of scholars represented by Wang Anshi,Zhang Wei and Wan Gong,Xu Zhenjun changed from "the founder of Jingming Sect" to "the God of nation's ceremony".In the Qing Dynasty,under the praise and interpretation of local officials,Xu Zhenjun became the "blessing Lord of Jiangxi",and was recognized and accepted by the commercial and people classes,adding the color of "the God of Homeland".The practice of social groups in the civil society,such as the religious organization,gentry,merchants,immigrants and clan organizations,has given Xuxun Worship diversified social and cultural significance.The evolution of Xu Zhenjun's image from "the founder of Jingming Sect" to "the God of nation's ceremony",and then to "blessing Lord of Jiangxi" and "the God of Homeland" is not only the product of the interpretation and construction of Xuxun Worship by official sacrificial rites,scholars groups and local officials in different historical periods,but also the product of different organizations in specific rural society using the symbol of Xuxun Worship.It reflects the interactive process of the dynastic ritual system,scholar-officials,commercialization and local culture creation,and reveals the historical mechanism of the formation of the unity and pluralism of Chinese society and culture.