孕妇体力活动现状及影响因素研究

Physical activity status of pregnant women and its influencing factors

目的:调查孕妇体力活动现状,分析孕妇体力活动的影响因素,为开展针对性干预以提高孕妇体力活动水平提供参考。方法:2021年3~5月,采用单纯随机方法抽取蚌埠市三甲医院836例孕妇作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、国际体力活动问卷、社会支持评定量表及孕妇焦虑量表进行调查。结果:体力活动不足孕妇占39.6%,仅17.7%的孕妇体力活动水平达到WHO推荐标准。不同年龄、家庭居住地的孕妇体力活动率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与体力活动不足组比较,体力活动充足组焦虑水平较低,而社会支持水平较高(P<0.01)。焦虑可能是导致孕期体力活动不足的危险因素,而社会支持可能会增加孕期体力活动(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇体力活动整体不足,体力活动水平仍有待提高。临床实践工作中,医护人员要为孕妇提供心理疏导和社会支持,针对不同年龄、家庭居住地孕妇进行针对性、个性化的体力活动指导,以提高妊娠期体力活动水平。

Objective:To investigate the current situation of physical activity of pregnant women and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for targeted intervention to improve the level of physical activity of pregnant women.Methods:From March to May 2021,836 pregnant women from tertiary grade A hospitals in Bengbu were randomly selected and investigated with general data questionnaire,international physical activity questionnaire,social support scale and maternal anxiety scale.Results:Of all pregnant women investigated,39.6%had insufficient physical activity,and only 17.7%reached the WHO recommended level of physical activity.There was significant difference in the physical activity rate of pregnant women with different age and family residence(P<0.05).Compared with the group with insufficient physical activity,the level of anxiety in the group with sufficient physical activity was lower,while the level of social support was higher(P<0.01).Anxiety might be the risk factor leading to insufficient physical activity during pregnancy,while social support might increase physical activity during pregnancy(P<0.05).Conclusions:The overall physical activity of pregnant women is insufficient,and the level of physical activity still needs to be improved.In clinical practice,medical staff should comprehensively evaluate the factors such as anxiety,social support,age and family residence of pregnant women,and provide psychological counseling and social support for pregnant women.Targeted and personalized physical activity guidance for pregnant women of different ages and family residence should be conducted to improve the level of physical activity during pregnancy.