从爱欲之路到修辞之路——论柏拉图《斐德若》中灵魂提升的两条道路

From Eros Path to Rhetoric Path——on Two Paths of Soul Ascension in Plato's Phaedrus

苏格拉底对智慧有着极强的爱欲,同时他还爱欲着身边渴求智慧的青年人,如何促成他们的灵魂提升,这成为苏格拉底哲学言辞的一大重心。柏拉图在《斐德若》中通过苏格拉底之口向我们展现了两条灵魂提升之路:爱欲之路和修辞之路。第一条道路充满诗意,从追求身体之美走向追求美本身,从而开启了灵魂返乡的道路。第二条道路则更具技艺性,在优美言辞的组织和表达中传递真理的知识,从而在听众或读者的灵魂中播撒希望的种子,在修辞中激发、吸引并引导灵魂对智慧和美本身的追求,这是有限的人踏上了无限提升的道路,前路漫长但更具人性化的考量。两条不同的道路最终在苏格拉底的"哲学修辞学"中汇聚在一起。

Socrates has a strong love for wisdom,while he also loves young people around him who are eager for wisdom.It has become a major focus of Socrates'philosophical discourse to promote their souls.In Phaedrus,Plato shows us two paths of soul ascension set by Socrates:eros path and rhetoric path.The first path is poetic,from the pursuit of beauty of body to the pursuit of beauty itself,thus opening the path of soul returning home.The second path is more technical,through the transmission of the knowledge of truth in the organization and expression of fine words,thus sowing the seed of hope in the soul of the listener or reader,and in rhetoric inspiring,attracting,and directing the soul to the search for wisdom and beauty itself,which is the finite man embarking on the path of infinite ascension,a long way but more human consideration ahead.The two different paths eventually converge in Socrates'"philo-sophical rhetoric".