不同种源百合花杜鹃种子性状和萌发特性差异研究

Study on the Difference of Seed Traits and Germination Characteristics of Rhododendron liliiflorum from Different Provenances

为选出优质的有开发利用价值的百合花杜鹃种质资源,以贵州省7个不同种源百合花杜鹃种子为材料,对种子性状和萌发特性进行研究。结果表明,各种源种子的长、宽、厚、大小指数和千粒重均存在显著差异,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数也存在显著差异。麻江种源的种子大小指数(0.91)、千粒重(0.544 g)和所有萌发指标均显著大于其他种源。种子的萌发能力主要受种子大小指数、千粒重和扁化率影响,萌发指标均与种子千粒重呈极显著正相关。种子大小指数与纬度呈极显著负相关,与年均降水量、无霜期之间呈极显著正相关,与年均日照呈显著正相关;种子千粒重与年均气温、年均降水量、年均日照均呈极显著正相关;种子扁化率与纬度呈极显著正相关,与年均气温、年均日照呈极显著负相关,与无霜期呈显著负相关。纬度、年均降水量、年均日照、年均气温和无霜期可作为贵州省内百合花杜鹃优质种源的选择依据。聚类分析得出麻江种源的种子性状和萌发特性是7个种源中最优良的。麻江种源可作为百合花杜鹃优质种源进一步开发利用。

In order to select high quality Rhododendron liliiflorum germplasm resources which are valuable for development and utilization,the seed traits and germination characteristics of Rhododendron liliiflorum seeds from 7 different provenances in Guizhou Province were studied.The results showed that there were significant differences in length,width,thickness,size index and 1000-grain weight of seeds from different sources,as well as significant differences in germination rate,germination potential,germination index and vitality index.The seed size index(0.91),1000-grain weight(0.544 g)and all germination indexes of Majiang provenance were significantly higher than those of other provenance.Seed germination ability was mainly affected by seed size index,1000-grain weight and flattening rate,and germination indexes were significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight.Seed size index had significant negative correlation with latitude,significant positive correlation with annual precipitation and frost-free period,and significant positive correlation with annual sunshine.The 1000-grain weight of seed was positively correlated with average annual temperature,average annual precipitation and average annual sunshine.Seed flattening rate was positively correlated with latitude,negatively correlated with average annual temperature and sunshine,and negatively correlated with frost-free period.Latitude,average annual precipitation,average annual sunshine,average annual temperature and frost-free period can be used as the basis for the selection of high-quality seed sources of Rhododendron liliiflorum in Guizhou province.The results of cluster analysis showed that the seed characters and germination characteristics of Majiang provenances were the best among the 7 provenances.The provenances of Majiang can be used as high quality provenances of Rhododendron liliiflorum.