认同或重塑:社会性别角色对女大学生创业意向的影响研究

Identification or Reshaping:The Influence of Gender Roles on Entrepreneurial Intention of Female College Students

女性创业对于创造新的就业机会和促进社会经济增长越来越重要,特别是女大学生作为高素质女性人才,其创业意向的提升能够有效扭转女性生存性创业的局面,推动社会创新发展。创业意向的性别差异一直存在,社会性别角色被认为是影响女性创业意向的重要因素。采用质性研究方法,以22名有创业意向的女大学生为研究对象,基于社会性别理论建构分析框架,在女性主体性视角下探究社会性别角色对创业意向的影响及其自我调适策略。研究认为:女大学生的创业意向是其主体性建构的结果,自我实现与创业结果预期的价值拟合是女大学生产生创业意向的起点;不同环境中的社会性别角色感知是女大学生产生创业意向的扰动项,女大学生通过社会性别角色的自我调适推进创业意向的建构。研究结果不仅可以丰富和拓展高等教育与女性创业的相关研究,也可以为高等教育机构和政策制定者提供一些启示和建议,以更好地支持和鼓励有创业意向女大学生群体的发展与教育。

Female entrepreneurship is becoming more and more important for creating new employment opportunities and promoting social and economic growth.Especially,as high-quality female talents,the promotion of female college students'entrepreneurial intention can effectively reverse the situation of female survival entrepreneurship and promote social innovation and development.However,gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions have always existed,and social gender roles are considered to be an important factor affecting women's entrepreneurial intentions.This study adopts the qualitative research method and takes 22 female college students with entrepreneurial intention as the research objects,constructs an analytical framework based on gender theory,and explores the influence of gender roles on entrepreneurial intention and its self-adjustment strategies from the perspective of female subjectivity.It is concluded that the entrepreneurial intention of female college students is the result of their subjectivity construction,and the value fit between self-realization and entrepreneurial outcome expectation is the starting point of female college students'entrepreneurial intention;the perception of Gender role in different environments is a disturbing term for female college students to generate entrepreneurial intention,and female college students promote the construction of entrepreneurial intention through the self-adjustment of social gender roles.The research results can not only enrich and expand the research on higher education and female entrepreneurship,but also provide some enlightenment and suggestions for higher education institutions and policy makers to better support and encourage the development and education of female college students with entrepreneurial intentions.