建构主义视角下中医学术流派文化渊源与发展规律探索

Exploring the Cultural Origins and Developmental Patterns of Academic Schools in Traditional Chinese Medicine from a Constructivist Perspective

运用建构主义理论,探究中医学术流派“源”和“流”的关系,厘清流派的发展规律,为当下流派现代化传承创新提供思路。学术流派起源于不同的文化源头,其分化和发展与生物学中基因的复制、传播、变异类似。建构主义理论特征与学术流派的形成和分化的原理高度契合,各个流派学术思想和核心诊疗理念的建构可视为主体自建、主体间互建、社会共建的多层次统一。首先,医家个体基于对中医药学源头的选择和继承,再融入个性化理解,继而在学术史上分化为不同流派;其次,在文化传承过程中,不同时代、不同区域的医家依据“三因制宜”方法,主体间互建的学术流派和地方医派发展模式逐渐形成;最后,在现代医药学科学化、规范化、智能化发展的情境下,学术流派的进一步演化需遵循传统医学的演化规律并结合新时代健康需求,采取社会共建方式,实现多主体共同参与学术思想和临证经验传承创新,并利用互联网和智能化技术手段赋能现代化发展。

Using constructivism theory,this study explored the relationship between the"origin"and"flow"of academic schools in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),clarified the developmental patterns of schools,and provided insights for the modernization,inheritance,and innovation of current schools.Academic schools originate from differ⁃ent cultural sources,and their differentiation and development are similar to the replication,spread and variation of biological"genes".The theoretical characteristics of constructivism align well with the principles of formation and differentiation of academic schools.The construction of academic thoughts and core diagnostic and therapeutic con⁃cepts within each school can be seen as a multilevel unity of self-construction,mutual construction among individuals,and social construction.Firstly,individual medical practitioners choose and inherit from the origins of TCM,integrat⁃ing personalized understanding,which then differentiates into various schools in the history of academia.Secondly,during the process of cultural inheritance,medical practitioners from different times and regions gradually form academic schools and local medical schools through the method of"tailoring strategies to three categories of etiological factors"and mutual construction among individuals.Finally,in the context of the scientific,standardized,and intelli⁃gent development of modern medicine,the further evolution of academic schools needs to follow the evolutionary laws of traditional medicine,combine with the health needs of the new era,adopt a social construction approach,facilitate multi-party participation in the inheritance and innovation of academic thoughts and clinical experiences,and utilize the internet and intelligent technology means to empower modern development.