多组学技术在中医药领域中的应用现状与前景分析

Analysis of the Current Status and Prospects of Multi-Omics Technologies in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine

由于中医临床干预的复杂性和中药成分的多样性,基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等单一组学往往无法全面解析中医药的科学内涵。系统生物学驱动的多组学技术可从基因及其表达、蛋白、代谢物等不同层面解析中医药理论内涵和应用机制,与中医整体观相契合,有助于推动中医药现代化发展。通过回顾组学技术应用于中医药领域的文献,发现多组学技术被广泛应用于中医药的病证结合、中药质量评价、药效机制和药物毒理等领域,能够多角度、全方位地阐释中医药的作用机理,突破了单一组学的局限,已取得显著成就。同时,多组学技术也面临成本投入高、数据量巨大带来的分析困难、研究成果转化不足等问题。未来有望通过加强多学科合作,开展长期、动态的临床研究,标准化和规范化数据分析流程,采用恰当合理的多组学搭配模式,建立中医药多组学数据库,揭示中医药的个体化特征、治疗机制和疾病调节网络,以进一步推动中医药的现代化发展。

Due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)interventions and the diversity of herbal components,single-omics technologies such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics often can⁃not comprehensively elucidate the scientific connotations of TCM.Multi-omics technologies driven by system biology can analyze the theoretical connotations and application mechanisms of TCM from different levels such as genes,gene expression,proteins,and metabolites,in line with the holistic view of TCM,which helps to promote the moderniza⁃tion of TCM.By reviewing the literature on the application of omics technologies in the field of TCM,it is found that multi-omics technologies have been widely used in TCM for syndrome differentiation,evaluation of herbal quality,elu⁃cidation of pharmacological mechanisms,and drug toxicity assessment,providing comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms of action of TCM and overcoming the limitations of single-omics technologies,and having obtained signifi⁃cant achievements.However,multi-omics technologies also face challenges such as high cost,difficulties in data analysis due to large data volumes,and insufficient translation of research results.In the future,it is expected that through strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation,conducting long-term and dynamic clinical research,standardiz⁃ing and normalizing data analysis processes,adopting appropriate and reasonable multi-omics integration patterns,establishing multi-omics databases for TCM,revealing the individualized characteristics,therapeutic mechanisms,and disease regulatory networks of TCM,the modernization of TCM will be promoted.