基于高精度回归共振的掩星观测轨道设计

Optimization of occultation observation configuration based on precise repeat ground-track resonant orbit

基于遥感卫星的掩星观测技术被广泛用于地球大气中的温室气体浓度监测。与传统光学观测不同,掩星观测需由“信源星”和“观测星”协作、在满足严格观测几何约束下才能完成,这使得掩星观测的轨道设计问题更加困难。为提升掩星观测能力,提出一种基于高精度回归共振的掩星观测轨道设计方法。首先,将掩星观测几何约束从切点高度约束等价转化为地心夹角约束,实现对任意轨道构型下连续掩星观测弧段和覆盖能力的快速评估。然后,利用回归和共振轨道特性,建立了大样本的“信源-观测”轨道构型库,为掩星观测轨道设计提供基础解集。最后,以对主要碳排放区域的覆盖能力作为主要性能指标进行寻优,并利用微分修正构造J2摄动下的高精度回归共振观测构型,完成掩星观测信源星和观测星的轨道设计。结果表明:所给高精度回归共振掩星观测轨道构型,不仅保证了周期性长弧段的掩星观测,还实现了观测几何的长期稳定保持。所提方法成功用于第8届中国研究生未来飞行器创新大赛“碳卫星大气观测轨道设计与优化”挑战赛,并摘得了该赛事的冠军。

The occultation observation technology is widely used to monitor the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Different from traditional optical observation,occultation observation requires the cooperation of a“source satellite”and an“observation satellite”to meet strict geometric constraints.This makes the orbit design of occultation observation satellites challenging.To improve the coverage of occultation observation satellites,this paper proposes an occultation observation configuration optimization method for occultation satellites based on precise repeat ground-track resonant orbit.First,the geometric constraints of occultation observations are translated from tangent height constraints to geocentric angle constraints,enabling a rapid assessment of continuous occultation observation arcs and coverage capabilities for any orbital configuration.Then,by utilizing the orbital characteristics of regression orbits and resonant orbits,a large-scale“source satellite-observation satellite”orbital configuration library is established,providing a foundational set of solutions for the design of occultation observation orbits.Finally,the orbital design of the source satellite and observation satellite is optimized,with the coverage capability of major carbon emission regions serving as the primary performance metric,and high-precision regression resonant observation configurations under J2 perturbations are constructed using differential corrections.Results indicate that the designed occultation observation configuration not only ensures long duration of occultation observation during a single resonant period,but also achieves long-term maintenance of observation geometry and periodic stable observation.This method was successfully applied to the“Carbon Satellite Atmospheric Observation Orbit Design and Optimization”of the 8th China Graduate Future Flight Vehicle Innovation Competition and won the championship of the contest.