人工智能在结直肠癌内镜与影像学诊断中的应用现状与进展

Current status and progress of artificial intelligence in endoscopic and imaging diagnosis of colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是全世界常见消化道恶性肿瘤,在中国其发病率和病死率均逐年上升.近年来,基于人工智能的技术呈指数级增长,在医学影像学诊断领域取得飞跃式发展.特别是在结肠镜、CT和磁共振成像(MRI)等检查的应用上,人工智能凭借其高级图像识别和特征分析能力为结直肠癌的诊断提供了新视角,从而推动精准医学的实现.目前,各种人工智能算法正在开发或优化中,如各种人工智能辅助系统的性能比较、多种算法的协同应用以及与其他组学的结合.此外,人工智能在临床实践中的融合难度、解释性和可信度,以及成本和资源限制等问题仍具挑战,需要进一步规范和完善.笔者从结肠镜、CT、MRI和其他影像学检查4个方面对人工智能在结直肠癌内镜与影像学诊断方面的应用现状与进展进行探讨,以供同行参考与借鉴.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system globally,with both its incidence and mortality rates increasing annually in China.In recent years,there has been exponential growth in technology based on artificial intelligence,leading to significant advancements in the field of medical imaging diagnosis.Particularly in the application of colonoscopy,CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),artificial intelligence,leveraging its advanced image recognition and feature analysis capabilities,has provided new perspectives for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer,thereby driving the realization of precision medicine.Currently,various artificial intelligence algorithms are either under development or optimization,such as performance comparisons of various artificial intelligence-assisted systems,the collaborative application of multiple algorithms,and integration with other omics.Additionally,challenges persist in the integration difficulty,interpre-tability and credibility,as well as cost and resource limitations of AI in clinical practice,necessitating further standardization and improvement.The authors explore the current status and progress of artificial intelligence in endoscopic and imaging diagnosis of colorectal cancer from four aspects:colonoscopy,CT,MRI and other imaging examination for reference and reference by peers.