河北省2019—2022年百日咳流行病学特征及病例免疫史分析

Epidemiological characteristics and immunization history of pertussis cases in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2022

目的分析河北省2019—2022年百日咳的流行特征及报告病例免疫接种史。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2019—2022年河北省报告的百日咳报告病例数据,河北省免疫规划信息管理系统收集病例的无细胞百白破联合疫苗(DTaP)免疫接种史信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析数据。结果2019—2022年河北省共报告百日咳病例3882例,年平均发病率1.29/10万(0.09/10万~3.67/10万);2019、2020、2021、2022年分别报告963例(1.27/10万)、118例(0.16/10万)、68例(0.09/10万)、2733例(3.67/10万)。2019—2022年百日咳发病呈现先大幅下降后大幅上升,报告发病数居前5位的城市为保定市(1649例)、沧州市(615例)、石家庄市(515例)、廊坊市(419例)、张家口市(188例);报告发病率前3位的城市为保定市(3.52/10万)、廊坊市(2.03/10万)、沧州市(2.01/10万)。2019—2022年每月均有发病,7—10月份为发病高峰,发病数占60.97%(2367/3882)。<1岁年龄组报告发病率最高,为51.88/10万;发病主要集中在散居儿童,占66.59%(2585/3882)。3882例百日咳病例发病时53.84%(2090/3882)有含抗百日咳成分的疫苗免疫史,38.51%(1495/3882)无免疫史。0、1、2、3、4剂次DTaP免疫史的病例数分别占38.51%(1495/3882)、7.37%(286/3882)、3.12%(121/3882)、7.88%(306/3882)、35.47%(1377/3882)。结论河北省2019—2022年百日咳发病呈先下降后大幅上升趋势,发病以1岁以下低年龄儿童为主,5~9岁年龄组报告发病数大幅上升。建议加强百日咳监测,优化百日咳疫苗的接种程序,探索不同年龄人群百日咳免疫策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the immunization history of pertussis cases in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2022.Methods This study was based on the data from pertussis cases reported to the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System in 2019-2022,and the vaccination history of diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine(DTaP)recorded in the Immunization Program Information Management System.All Data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 3882 pertussis cases were reported in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2022 with an average annual incidence of 1.29 cases per 100000 population(0.09/100000-3.67/100000).There were 963(1.27/100000),118(0.16/100000),68(0.09/100000)and 2733(3.67/100000)pertussis cases in 2019,2020,2021 and 2022,respectively.From 2019 to 2022,the incidence of pertussis increased sharply after a cliff-like decline.The top five cities with the most pertussis cases were Baoding(1649 cases),Cangzhou(615 cases),Shijiazhuang(515 cases),Langfang(419 cases)and Zhangjiakou(188 cases),and the top three cities with the highest incidence of pertussis were Baoding(3.52/100000),Langfang(2.03/100000)and Cangzhou(2.01/100000).Pertussis cases were reported in each month from 2019 to 2022 and the infection peak was from July to October with 60.97%(2367/3882)of cases reported during that period.The highest incidence rate was observed in children less than one year old,which was 51.88/100000.Most of the cases were scattered children(66.59%,2585/3882).Among the 3882 pertussis cases,53.84%(2090 cases)had a vaccination history of DTaP at the time of onset,while 38.51%(1495 cases)did not have.The cases receiving 0,1,2,3 and 4 doses of DTaP accounted for 38.51%(1495/3882),7.37%(286/3882),3.12%(121/3882),7.88%(306/3882)and 35.47%(1377/3882),respectively.Conclusions The incidence of pertussis increases greatly following a decreased in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2022 with the highest incidence in children less than one year old.The number of cases reported in the 5-9 age group increases significantly.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance pertussis surveillance,optimize vaccination procedures,and explore immunization strategies for people of different ages.