切花香豌豆引种栽培及品种筛选

Introduction,Cultivation and Variety Screening of Cut Flower of Lathyrus odoratus

香豌豆(Lathyrus odoratus)是目前切花市场需求量巨大的高端切花品种,引进新品种并建立适宜中国推广的栽培方法,从而提升中国香豌豆切花市场竞争力迫在眉睫。本研究从英国引进16个香豌豆新品种,使用重复引蔓方式进行设施大棚种植。通过调查香豌豆的主要性状,掌握16个香豌豆品种的产量和品质,并通过层次分析法(AHP)筛选出最佳品种。同时,测定设施大棚内主要气象条件,明确其与香豌豆产量和品质的关系。此外,研究了可利鲜AVB保鲜液对香豌豆的保鲜作用。结果表明,不同香豌豆品种的性状存在较大差异,其中发芽率大于80%的有9种,茎的生长速率达到每日增长3.0 cm的有2种,产量达到每月2.5×10^(4)枝/667 m^(2)的有4种,花枝长度达到B级仅2种,硬度达到45 HA的有12种。根据各性状筛选出高产且优质的香豌豆品种6种。与气象因子的关系方面,香豌豆茎的生长速率与光照强度中等程度正相关,但花枝长度与其中等程度负相关;花枝长度与温度中等程度正相关,但是产量与温度较强负相关;花枝长度和产量与相对湿度正相关。浓度为1:1 500 AVB对香豌豆的保鲜效果最好(7 d)。本研究结果可为中国切花香豌豆的生产提供借鉴。

Sweet pea(Lathyrus odoratus)is a high-end cut flower species with a huge demand in the current cut flower market.It is urgent to introduce new species and establish suitable cultivation methods,in order to improve the competitiveness of cut flowers in the market in China.This study introduced 16 new species of sweet pea from England,which were cultivated in the greenhouse using the method of towing the sweet pea's vines repeatedly.The main characteristics of sweet pea were investigated to know the yield and quality of 16 sweet pea species.By investigating the main characters of sweet pea,the yield and quality of 16 sweet pea varieties were mastered,and the best varieties were selected by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).In the same time,the main meteorological factors in greenhouse facilities were also measured to identify their relationship with the yield and quality of sweet pea.In addition,the preservation effect of chrysal AVB preservative on sweet pea was also studied.The results showed that there are significant differences in the characters among different sweet pea varieties,with 9 species having a germination rate greater than 80%,2 species having a stem growth rate of 3.0 cm per day,and 4 species having a yield of 2.5×10^(4) branches/667 m^(2)per month.There are only 2 species of flower branches with a length of B grade.12 species reaches a hardness of 45 HA.Six high-yield and high-quality species were ultimately selected based on those characters.In terms of the relationship with meteorological factors,the growth rate of stems had moderate positive correlation with solar radiation,while the length of flower branches had moderate negative correlation with solar radiation;the length of flower branches had moderate positive correlation with temperature,but the yield had strong negative correlation with temperature.The yield and flower branches'length were positively correlated with relative humidity.The concentration of 1:1500 of AVB had the best preservation effect on sweet peas(7 days).The results of this study can provide reference for the production of cut flower of sweet peas in China.