大正时期和辻哲郎的“文明”与“文化”

Watsuji Tetsurō's Discourse on "Civilization" and "Culture" in the Taishō Period

受大正教养思潮与第一次世界大战的影响,和辻哲郎发表了许多关于“文明”与“文化”的论述。以一战为契机,他开始反思“文明”这一词汇的内容,并将批判矛头直指代表近代文明的自然科学与物质欲望。同时,他以“文化”作为思考课题,主张以日本为主体综合东西文化来对抗“文明”的负面影响。和辻哲郎的“文化”构想与国粹主义相比,有广阔的世界视野,而且力求摆脱西方中心论,是具有进步意义的思考。但他的“文化”构想强调日本文化具有与外来文化共生的特性,这种思考又有明显的文化民族主义特质。从批判“文明”到重构“文化”,反映了和辻哲郎的思想的复杂变迁。

Influenced by the Taisho educational trend and the First World War,Watsuji Tetsurōpublished many discourses on"civilization"and"culture".Taking the First World War as an opportunity,he began to reflect on the content of the term"civilization"and directed his criticism at natural science and material desires,which represent modern civilization.Simultaneously,he delved into contemplating"culture"as a subject matter,advocating for the subjectivity of Japan to synthesize Eastern and Western culture to counteract the negative influences of"civilization".Compared with nationalism,Watsuji's concept of"culture"has a broad vision of the world and strives to get rid of the Western-centrism,which is of progressive significance.However,his"culture"concept emphasizes that Japanese culture has the characteristic of coexistence with foreign cultures,which is a clear characteristic of cultural nationalism.The transition from criticizing"civilization"to reconstructing"culture"reflects the complex changes in Watsuji Tetsurō's thoughts.