《聊斋志异》在日本儿童书中的翻译与改写——聚焦于1978年以前的历时性变迁

A Study on Translation and Rewriting of Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio in Japanese Children's Books

《聊斋志异》在日本儿童书中的翻译和改写可追溯到1910年代。二十世纪初,聊斋故事主要作为日本儿童文学创作的素材来源以及中国民俗研究资料而被收录进《中国童话集》《中国传说集》一类图书;1937年至1945年侵略战争时期,在意识形态作用下,改写后的聊斋故事被日本用于向儿童灌输所谓“大东亚共荣圈”意识,服务战时话语;战争结束后,在文学自觉重建、日本儿童文学转型、中国观发生变化等多重因素影响下,儿童版的改写空前繁盛,其自战前继承而来的“童话”身份逐渐被“中国文学”取代,艺术性和思想性获得肯定的同时,也被反复纳入日本的“世界文学”系列。《聊斋志异》在日本儿童书中的文本之旅是从“童话”“传说”走向“文学经典”的渐变之旅。

The translation and rewriting of Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio in Japanese children's books can be traced back to the 1910s. In the early period, the stories were mainly included in books such as Chinese Fairy Tales Collection and Chinese Legends Collection as sources of material for the creation of Japanese children's literature and research materials on Chinese folk customs. During the war period from 1937 to 1945, Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio was rewritten to serve wartime discourse. After the war, influenced by various factors such as the conscious reconstruction of literature, the transformation of Japanese children's literature, and changes in Japan's view of China, the translation and rewriting of this work flourished. At the same time, the identity of "fairy tales" inherited from before the war was gradually replaced by "Chinese literature", and its literariness was recognized, while also repeatedly included in Japan's "World Literature" series. The Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio in Japanese children's books presented a change from "fairy tales" and "legends" to "literary classics".