英译名“能率”在中日间的创制及互动

The Creation and Interaction of the Translated Name "Neng lv/Nōritsu" in Chinese and Japanese

英文Moment的译名“能率”不是日制译名,而是清末在华传教士与中国士人合作创制的译名,只是当时在中国未传播开来。“能率”传入日本后,1883年(明治16年)被“物理学译语会”厘定为Moment的译名,并在日本得以普及定型。在二十世纪初,Moment的译名“能率”又随着日语借词的传入回流到汉语中。Moment的译名“能率”在中日间的创制及互动,是近代中日词汇的个案与缩影,它折射出了近代中日科技词汇交流的一个侧面。

The translation of"Moment","Neng lv",is not a Japanese translation,but a translation created by missionaries and Chinese scholars in late Qing dynasty,which was not widely seen in China at that time.After being introduced to Japan,"Neng lv"was designated as the translation of"Moment"by the Physics Translation Society in 1883(Meiji 16)and was popularized and finalized in Japan.At the beginning of the 20th century,the translation of"Moment","nōritsu",refluxed into Chinese with the introduction of Japanese loanwords.The creation of the translation of"Moment","Neng lv/Nōritsu",and its interaction and influence between Chinese and Japanese is a case and a microcosm of modern Chinese-Japanese vocabulary exchange.It also reflects one aspect of modern Chinese-Japanese technological vocabulary exchange.