肺动静脉畸形的影像学诊断及介入治疗现状

Current status of imaging diagnosis and interventional therapy for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

肺动静脉畸形是一种与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症相关的先天性肺血管畸形,其中异常扩张的血管在肺循环和体循环之间产生了无毛细血管干预的直接通路。临床上主要表现为低氧血症、呼吸困难、中风、脑脓肿、肺出血等。目前肺动静脉畸形的诊断主要依靠影像学,治疗主要通过介入手段进行血管内栓塞供血动脉,栓塞后可以有效缓解临床症状,预防相关并发症。本文就肺动静脉畸形的形成机制、临床表现、影像学表现以及介入治疗等方面的现状进行综述。

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations(PAVM)is a congenital pulmonary vascularmalformation often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.It involves the abnormal dilation of vessels,creating a direct connection between the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation,bypassing the capillary network.The primary clinical symptoms include hypoxemia,respiratory distress,stroke,brain abscess,and pulmonary hemorrhage.At present,the diagnosis of PAVM mainly relies on imaging techniques.The mainstay of treatment is interventional endovascular embolization of its supplying arteries,which can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and prevent PAVM-related complications.This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,imaging findings,and interventional treatment of PAVM,aiming to provide a valuable reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PAVM.