高中生社交回避及苦恼和学业倦怠与学校适应和抑郁的纵向关系

Longitudinal relationship between social avoidance and distress,learning burnout,school adaptation and depression among high school students

目的探讨学校适应对高中生抑郁的影响,以及社交回避及苦恼和学业倦怠在两者关系中的中介作用,为高中生心理健康工作提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法选取贵阳市2所中学1207名高一学生为研究对象,使用学校适应量表(SAS)、社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)、学业倦怠量表(LBQ)和患者健康问卷(PHQ-9),在2021年10月(T1)、2022年5月(T2)、2023年3月(T3)3个时间点进行调查。采用Harman单因素法进行共同方法偏差检验;通过Bootstrap法进行偏差校正,使用重复抽样5000次的方式分析参数估计的95%置信区间(95%CI)。结果T1学校适应负向预测T3高中生的抑郁(β=-0.13,P<0.01);中介检验表明,T2的社交回避及苦恼在时间点T1的学校适应与时间点T3的高中生抑郁间的中介效应值为-0.100(95%CI=-0.134~-0.071);第2次测量(T2)的学业倦怠在时间点T1的学校适应与时间点T3的高中生抑郁间的中介效应值为-0.157(95%CI=-0.211~-0.106);第2次测量(T2)的社交回避及苦恼和学业倦怠在时间点T1的学校适应与时间点T3的高中生抑郁间的链式中介效应值为-0.022(95%CI=-0.037~-0.012)(P值均<0.05)。结论良好的学校适应可直接缓解高中生抑郁,也可通过社交回避及苦恼和学业倦怠间接减少高中生抑郁。家庭和学校应重视高中生入学适应情况,并对适应不良学生及时提供干预和帮助,减少高中生抑郁情绪的发生。

Objective To examine the influence of school adaptation on depression among high school students,as well as the mediating effects of social avoidance and distress and learning burnout on the relationship between school adaptation and depression among high school students,so as to provide a basis for the mental health promotion among high school students.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 1207 first-year high school students from two high schools as the research subjects in Guiyang City.The School Adaptation Scale(SAS),Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD),Learning Burnout Questionnaire(LBQ),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were used to conduct surveys at three time points:October 2021(T1),May 2022(T2),and March 2023(T3).Common method biase was tested using the Harman's single-factor method,and bias correction was conducted via the Bootstrap method,utilizing 5000 resamples to analyze the 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)of parameter estimates.Results School adaptation at T1 was negatively associated with depression of high school students at T3(β=-0.13,P<0.01).The mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of social avoidance and distress at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was-0.100(95%CI=-0.134-0.071,P<0.05).The mediating effect of learning burnout at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was-0.157(95%CI=-0.211-0.106,P<0.05).The chain mediation effect of social avoidance and distress and learning burnout at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was-0.022(95%CI=-0.037-0.012,P<0.05).Conclusions Good school adaptation can directly alleviate depressive mood,and can indirectly reduce depression through social avoidance and distress and learning burnout among high school students.Families and schools should pay attention to the school adaptation of high school students and provide timely interventions and assistance to students with poor adaptation.