利用数字化实验探究乙酸乙酯分别与碳酸钠和氢氧化钠相互作用的差异

Understanding the Differences in Ethyl Acetate Interactions with Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydroxide Through Digital Experiments

乙酸乙酯的制备与性质是中学化学的重要实验活动。乙酸乙酯在碱性条件下容易发生水解,但制备时却用碱性的Na_(2)CO_(3)溶液收集,这很容易引起学生的困惑。基于Arduino平台设计数字化实验,利用多传感器同步检测,从多角度定量比较乙酸乙酯分别与Na_(2)CO_(3)和NaOH溶液反应的差异,并探讨温度、浓度和搅拌对反应的影响,旨在帮助师生深度理解乙酸乙酯与Na_(2)CO_(3)和NaOH相互作用的差异。研究发现,虽然在化学热力学上自发,但乙酸乙酯在常温和搅拌条件下与饱和Na_(2)CO_(3)溶液几乎不发生反应,在非饱和Na_(2)CO_(3)溶液或较高温度下则可发生,而不管在何种条件下与NaOH溶液均能发生强烈作用。由此,基于数字化实验,为常温下饱和Na_(2)CO_(3)溶液可用来收集乙酸乙酯提供了充分的证据和理由。

The preparation and properties of ethyl acetate are important experimental activities in high school chemistry.Ethyl acetate is easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions,but its preparation is collected with an alkaline Na_(2)CO_(3)solution,which easily causes confusion among students.Based on the Arduino platform,this paper designed digital experiments with simultaneous detection of multiple sensors to quantitatively compare the differences in the reactions of ethyl acetate with Na_(2)CO_(3)and NaOH solutions,respectively,from multiple perspectives,and to explore the effects of temperature,concentration and stirring on the reactions,aiming to help teachers and students to deeply understand the differences in the interactions of ethyl acetate with Na_(2)CO_(3)and NaOH.It was found that although it was spontaneous in chemical thermodynamics,there was almost no hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with saturated Na_(2)CO_(3)solution at room temperature even stirring conditions,but it could occur at unsaturated Na_(2)CO_(3)or higher reaction temperature,and it reacted strongly with NaOH solution no matter under what experimental conditions.Thus,based on digital experiments,sufficient evidence and reasons were provided for the use of saturated Na_(2)CO_(3)solution at room temperature to collect ethyl acetate.