寒地黑土秸秆还田对土壤养分含量及玉米产量的短期效应

Short-term Effects on the Soil Nutrients Content and the Yield of Corn under Straw Incorporation in the Cold and Black Soil Area

试验研究了玉米秸秆带状还田对当年土壤养分含量和玉米产量的影响,为黑龙江省黑土区秸秆还田策略提供理论依据。试验在黑龙江省高纬度寒区开展,于2022年春季设置秸秆离田(CK)、整株秸秆带状还田(T1)、粉碎秸秆带状还田(T2)和粉碎秸秆配施有机肥带状还田(T3)4个处理。结果表明:短期内,秸秆带状还田不同模式对土壤养分指标和玉米产量构成指标有不同影响,与CK相比,T3处理土壤有机质和全氮含量分别增加7.62%和9.75%,电导率减少9.21%,玉米穗长增加8%以上,行粒数增加6.98%,单棒重增加23.61%,产量增加24.05%。通过主成分分析和典型相关分析,发现秸秆不同带状还田模式对土壤有机质和全氮影响的权重高于其他养分指标,对玉米产量构成指标影响较大的是单棒重、穗长和百粒重;土壤有机质、全氮含量与玉米单棒重、穗长和百粒重呈正相关性,而土壤电导率与玉米单棒重、穗长和百粒重呈负相关性。

The impact of corn straw incorporation in strips on the soil nutrients content and corn yield in the current year were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the straw incorporation strategy in the black soil area of Heilongjiang province.The experiment was carried out in the high-latitude cold area of Heilongjiang province.Four treatments of straw incorporation,namely straw leaving the field(CK),whole straw in strips returning to the field(T1),crushed straw in strips returning to the field(T2),and crushed straw combined with organic fertilizer in strips returning to the field(T3)were carried out in spring of 2022.The results showed that straw incorporation with different modes all had different effects on soil nutrient indicators and corn yield indicators in the short term.Compared to CK,T3 increased SOM and TN content by 7.62%and 9.75%,respectively,though it decreased EC by 9.21%.In addition,compared to CK,the length of ears was increased by more than 8%in T3,the number of grains in rows was increased by 6.98%,and the weight of single corn was increased by 23.61%,and the yield was increased by 24.05%.Based on principal component and canonical correlation analysis,it was found that the impact of different modes of straw incorporation in strips on SOM and TN was higher than the other soil nutrient indicators.The weight of single corn weight,ear length,and 100-kernel weight had a greater impact on corn yield components.SOM and TN were positively correlated with corn weight,ear length,and 100-kernel weight,while soil EC was negatively correlated with corn weight,ear length,and 100-kernel weight.