土耳其基金会大学办学模式及启示

Operating Model of Foundation Universities in Turkey and Its Implications

自20世纪80年代起,土耳其法律规定只能由基金会举办私立大学,从而使该国成为世界上基金会大学最为集中的国家。土耳其基金会大学由基金会出资举办并接受一定的政府资助,由董事会领导治理,面向市场办学,建立起多方协同的质量保障机制。与此同时,该国基金会大学的发展也存在营利行为难以抑制、经费来源较为单一、治理结构不够完善、教育质量参差不齐等问题。基金会大学是我国民办高校尤其是非营利性民办高校未来的发展方向之一,结合土耳其基金会大学的发展历程、特点及问题,提出我国若要发展基金会举办的民办高校,应拓宽经费渠道、获取政府支持、完善治理结构、加强质量保障机制建设。

Since the 1980s,Turkish law has stipulated that only foundations can establish private universities,making Turkish the country with the highest concentration of foundation universities in the world.Foundation universities in Turkey are established with funding from foundations and receive certain government subsidies.They are governed by a board of trustees and operate in a market-oriented manner,with a quality assurance mechanism established through multi-party collaboration.However,the development of foundation universities in Turkey also faces challenges,such as difficulty in restraining profit-oriented behavior,relatively limited sources of funding,incomplete governance structures,and disparities in educational quality.Foundation universities represent one of the future development directions for private universities in China,especially non-profit non-governmental institutions of higher learning.Drawing from the development trajectory,characteristics,and challenges of foundation universities in Turkey,it is recommended that China expands funding channels,seeks government support,improves governance structures,and strengthens the construction of quality assurance mechanisms in the development of foundation non-governmental institutions of higher learning.