劳动生产率与社会生产规模对工资消费需求的作用——马克思经济理论视阈下的分析

The Role of Labor Productivity and the Scale of Social Production on Wage-Consumption Demand——Analysis from the Perspective of Marx's Economic Theory

本文用马克思《资本论》的经济理论,分析社会生产发展对工资消费需求变化的作用及其技术性因素和制度性因素。社会生产发展主要表现在劳动生产率提高和社会生产规模扩大两个方面,社会生产规模可以由劳动者人数(就业人数)和资本量两个方面来衡量。本文指出:工资消费需求会随着劳动者人数(就业人数)增加而增加,工资消费需求变化取决于资本量和资本有机构成变化的组合效应,当劳动生产率提高导致的资本有机构成提高速度大于资本量增长速度时,工资消费需求就会减少;在资本—雇佣劳动制度中,在古典产权制度下,劳动生产率的提高会在结构上降低工资消费需求,而在生产资料公有制中,在现代产权制度下,劳动生产率提高不会在结构上改变工资消费需求,在货币表现的总量上会提高工资消费需求。工资消费需求形成社会总需求的主要部分,其变动决定了社会总需求变动的主要方向,因此,要治理社会总需求下降,克服总需求不足,就要大力发展社会主义公有制,大力发展现代产权制度,大力发展与完善以公有制为主体多种经济形式并存的中国特色社会主义基本经济制度。

This paper employs the economic theory in Marx's Das Capital to analyze the role of social production development on the change of wage-consumption demand as well as its technical and institutional factors.The development of social production is mainly manifested in two aspects:the increase of labor productivity and the expansion of the scale of social production,which can be measured by the number of workers(or the number of employees)and the amount of capital.The paper reveals that the wage-consumption demand will increase alongside growth in the number of workers(or the number of employees),and the change of wage-consumption demand depends on the combined effect of changes in the amount of capital and the organic composition of capital.When the growth rate of the organic composition of capital caused by the increase of labor productivity is greater than that of the amount of capital,the wage-consumption demand will decrease.In the capital-employment labor system,under the classical property rights system,the increase of labor productivity will structurally reduce the wage-consumption demand.However,in the public ownership of the means of production,under the modern property rights system,the increase of labor productivity will not structurally change the wageconsumption demand,but will increase the wage-consumption demand in terms of monetary aggregates.The wage-consumption demand constitutes the main part of aggregate social demand,and its changes determine the main direction of the changes in the aggregate social demand.Therefore,in order to prevent the decline in aggregate social demand and overcome the shortage of aggregate demand,it is necessary to vigorously develop the socialist public ownership system and the modern property rights system,and energetically develop and improve the basic socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics in which public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership develop coexist.