个人数据收益共享的法实现

Personal Data Benefit Sharing Law Realization

如何在数字经济发展过程中处理好数据价值收益的分配问题,已成为实现数字经济高质量发展和共同富裕目标激励相容的关键。法律作为保障社会公平、助力共同富裕的重要制度力量,应通过明确数据主体的收益权限及其实现方式,促成数据处理者和数据主体对数据要素价值的制度化共享,实现个人数据收益分配正义。个人数据的非排他性和弱竞争性特质为共享型数据财产制度的确立提供了客体基础。此种共享型财产制度赋予个人非排他地支配和使用其数据以获取收益的权利,并依托以数据信托为代表的集体治理模式为个人行权提供支撑机制,以此破解数据要素与特定主体的排他绑定,实现不同主体对个人数据的“共同使用、共享收益”。

How to deal with the problem of data interests'distribution in the process of digital economy development has become the key to achieve the incentive compatibility of high-quality development of digital economy and common prosperity.As an institutional force to facilitate and ensure common prosperity,the law should systematically help data processors and data subjects share the value of data elements and shape the justice of interests'distribution of personal data by clarifying the right of data subjects and the relative realization patterns.The non-exclusive and weak competitive characteristics of personal data provide an object basis for the establishment of the shared data property system,which endows individuals the right to non-exclusively control and use their data to obtain interests,and the collective governance pattern lends a supportive mechanism for individual to exercise their rights,which would break the exclusive binding between data and specific subjects,thus realize the"common use and sharing"of data interests between different subjects.