自洗钱入罪后共同犯罪认定的规范判断

Normative Judgment of the Determination of Joint Crime after the Criminalization of Self-Laundering

自洗钱入罪作为刑法修订的现实变动,虽然对接了从严惩治洗钱行为的政策立场,但同时也给洗钱罪共同犯罪认定的规范判断带来了现实难题。自洗钱入罪后共同犯罪的实践认定应立足本土化犯罪成立要件,结合二元区分制的犯罪参与体系进行形式和实质的综合判断。自洗钱与他洗钱结合实施的共同行为,根据主观意思或者客观行为难以区分正犯与共犯,相互协作与共同加功的特质也较难界分支配地位,需要结合因果作用力进行个别判断。洗钱共同犯罪的认定不能泛化随意,应当以共同违法行为的存在为中心轴,对第三方参与的洗钱行为进行审查与筛选。第三方介入事前通谋的行为是否具有刑事可罚性,需要结合具体通谋的内容判断责任可谴责性和罪刑评价的妥当性,不应把单纯针对洗钱的通谋行为穿透到上游犯罪之后进行并罚论处。

The criminalization of self-laundering,as a practical change in the revision of the Criminal Law,not only aligns with the policy stance of strictly punishing money laundering behavior,but also brings practical difficulties to the standardized judgment of joint criminal identification of money laundering crimes.The practical determination of joint crimes after the criminalization of money laundering should establish the elements for the establishment of localized crimes,and make a comprehensive judgment of form and substance in combination with the dual differentiation system of criminal participation.The joint behavior of self-laundering and other money laundering is difficult to distinguish between principal and accomplices based on subjective intention or objective behavior,and the characteristics of mutual cooperation and joint contribution are also difficult to distinguish the status of branching and matching.It is necessary to make individual judgments based on causal forces.The determination of joint crimes in money laundering cannot be generalized or arbitrary.The existence of joint illegal acts should be the central axis,and third-party involvement in money laundering should be reviewed and screened.Whether the act of third-party involvement in premeditated collusion is criminally punishable depends on the specific content of the collusion to determine the responsibility and the appropriateness of the evaluation of the crime and punishment.Collusive behavior solely targeting money laundering should not be penetrated into upstream crimes and punished together.