公益保护请求权论

Right of Claim for Public Interest Protection

公益保护请求权,是公益诉讼适格原告向法院及侵权人主张的旨在保护公共利益的权利,是公共利益与诉讼程序的结合点。公益保护请求权理论阐释了公益诉讼原告适格及公益保护的必要性和实效性,构成公益诉讼理论的关键点。公益保护请求权属救济权和裁判请求权,确定了公益救济方法或保护手段,避免诉前程序肿胀及“非讼化”。公益保护请求权的规定涵盖私法与公法两个领域,前者包括赔偿性、预防性、恢复性及人格抚慰性公益保护请求权,后者主要指基本权利保护的请求权,其行使常伴随价值判断,以解决公益保护竞合问题。基于公益类型,公益保护请求权可分为纯粹性公益保护请求权与聚合性公益保护请求权两类,前者注重保护整体公共利益,属于客观诉讼,检察机关适宜作为请求权主体;后者则是个人利益的集合,属于主观诉讼。公益的统一性保护,要求充分考虑公益的重要性、私益受损程度及社会整体利益。

The right of claim for public interest protection is the right that the proper plaintiff of public interest litigation claims to the court and the infringer in order to protect the public interest,and it is the combination of public interest and litigation procedure.The theory of right of claim for public interest protection explains the suitability of plaintiffs of public interest litigation and the necessity and effectiveness of public interest protection,which constitutes the key point of public interest litigation theory.The right of claim for public interest protection belongs to the right of relief and the the right of access to justice,which can determine the method of public interest relief or protection,and avoid the swelling of pre-litigation procedures and the"non-litigation"phenomenon of public interest litigation.The right of claim for public interest protection covers fields of private law and public law.The former includes compensatory,preventive,restorative and personality conciliatory public interest protection claims.The latter mainly refers to the right of basic rights protection,and its exercise is often accompanied by this value judgment to solve the competition and cooperation relationship of different public interest protection.Based on the type of public interest,the right of claim for public interest protection can be divided into pure public interest protection claim and collective public interest protection claim.The former focuses on protecting the overall public interest,which belongs to objective litigation,and the procuratorial organ is suitable as the subject of claim.The latter is a collection of private interests,which belongs to subjective litigation.The unified protection of public interest requires full consideration of the significance of public interest,the degree of damage to private interest and the overall interest of society.