保理中基础合同协商变更或终止的限制

Restriction of Negotiating Change or Termination in the Factoring Basic Contrac

债权流通与债务人保护间的价值权衡是债权转让法中的重要课题,保理场合亦莫能外。保理同时涉及保理法律关系与基础法律关系。意思自治原理支配下,基础关系当事人本可自由协商变更或终止合同;但在保理场合,因基础合同变更或终止可能导致应收账款价值贬损进而损及保理人利益实现,故制度层面需设利益平衡机制,有效协调保理人与债务人间的利益冲突。鉴于此,《民法典》第765条针对让与通知到达后基础合同协商变更或终止,设以“有正当理由”与“未对保理人造成不利影响”两项限制事由,满足其一即可对保理人发生效力。本文拟就此展开教义学分析,以期助益于审判实践与法治化营商环境的优化。

The value balance between the circulation of claims and the protection of debtors is an important subject in the assignment of claims law,and it is also an important factor.Factoring involves both the legal relation of factoring and the basic legal relation.Under the principle of autonomy of will,the parties to the basic relationship can freely negotiate to change or to terminate the contract.However,in the case of factoring,due to the change or termination of the basic contract,the value of accounts receivable may be depreciated,thus damaging the realization of the benefits of the factoring,so the institutional level needs to set up an interest balance mechanism to effectively coordinate the conflicts of interests between the factoring and the debt.In view of this,Article 765of the Civil Code sets two restrictive grounds for negotiation change or termination of the basic contract after the arrival of the transfer notice,"there are valid reasons"and"there is no adverse impact on the factoring",one of which can be effective against the factoring.This paper intends to conduct a doctrinal analysis in order to help optimize the judicial practice and the business environment under the rule of law.