麻精药品的双重属性对司法定性的影响——兼论妨害药品管理罪与非法经营罪的关系

Supervised Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Dual Attributes Affect Judicial Definition-Concurrently Debate on the Crime of Hindering Drug Management and the Crime of Ilegal Business Operations

部分被管制的麻精药品具有双重属性,当其用于治疗疾病时是药品而不是毒品。以往,对出于医疗目的违规销售麻精药品等行为不作为毒品犯罪处理,而是多认定为非法经营罪等其他犯罪。《刑法修正案(十一)》增设妨害药品管理罪后,对违规销售合法生产的药品(包括麻精药品)的行为能否作为犯罪处理存在较大争议。并行论认为两罪并行不悖,违规销售药品的行为即使不构成妨害药品管理罪,仍可认定为非法经营罪。排斥论认为妨害药品管理罪缩小了非法经营罪的认定范围,对不构成妨害药品管理罪的行为也不应认定为非法经营罪。为体现对毒品犯罪的从严惩处,本文赞成建立在排斥论基础上的折中论,即总体上肯定排斥论的观点,但当涉案药品为麻精药品等特殊药品时,可以采取并行论的观点。为落实折中论,宜尽快修订相关司法解释或制定司法解释性批复,并适时修订《刑法》,明确规定违规销售这些特殊药品行为的处理规则。

Some kinds of supervised narcotics and psychotropic drugs have dual attributes,which signifies that those drugs shall be legal when applied to treat disease.Formerly,selling without permission narcotics or psychotropic drugs for medical purpose will not be defined as illegal drug crimes but probably the Crime of Illegal Business operations.Since the Crime of Hindering Drug Management was added by Amendment X1 to Criminal Law,it is disputed widely that if selling legal drugs including supervised narcotics and psychotropic drugs without permission shall be treated as a crime.The theory of Running Parallel argues that the two crimes can be defined in different domain,selling legal drugs without permission will probably constitute the Crime of Illegal Business Operations even if excluding the Crime of Hindering Drug Management.While the theory of Mutual Exclusion insists that the Crime of Hindering Drug Management encroaches on the Crime of Illegal Business Operations,if an act does not constitute the former crime,it shall not be defined to be the later one as a logical result.In order to punish illegal drug crimes heavily,this article agrees with a compromised opinion based on the theory of Mutual Exclusion,which supports exceptionally the theory of Running Parallel just when the involved drugs are supervised narcotics or psychotropic drugs.For wide acceptance of the compromised theory,it is necessary to amend some related judicial interpretations or make a written judicial reply as soon as possible,and amend the Criminal Law itself at a proper time,whereby proclaiming the right judicial definition of selling supervised special drugs without permission.