生成式人工智能生成内容刑法保护的新路径

The New Path for Criminal Law Protection of Content Generated by Generative Artificial Intelligence

传统观点对著作权法和刑法所保护“作品”的范围设定是以预设的主体为前提,进而认为人类之外主体的生成内容均不属于“作品”。但这一观点存在逻辑误区,应予以纠偏。生成式人工智能生成内容在性质上应归属于著作权法和刑法保护“作品”的范围之中,其衍生权利应作为侵犯著作权罪侵害的法益。生成式人工智能的生成内容具有客观上的知识成果价值,并对知识成果创作秩序造成现实影响。生成式人工智能生成的“作品”是其自我创作的过程,应该同时伴生著作权。不应因生成式人工智能暂时不具备独立的权利主体地位而简单否认其实际存在的创作权利,进而忽视生成式人工智能生成内容对“作品”创作领域带来的影响,从而否定相关著作财产权存在的转移问题。生成式人工智能生成内容的著作财产权不应归属于研发者、生产者或公共知识领域,而应转移给使用者享有。生成式人工智能的生成内容应当属侵犯著作权犯罪的犯罪对象,生成式人工智能生成内容衍生的著作财产权转移不会影响侵犯著作权罪的认定。

In the traditional view,the scope of"works"protected by copyright law and criminal law is set on the premise of the preset subject,and then holds that the generated content of non-human subjects does not belong to"works".There are logical errors in the traditional view which should be corrected.The content generated by generative artificial intelligence should belong to the scope of copyright law and criminal law protection of"works",and its derivative rights should be taken as the legal interests of copyright infringement.The generated content of generative artificial intelligence has the objective value of knowledge achievement,and has a real impact on the creative order of knowledge achievement.The"work"generated by generative Al is its self-creation process and should be accompanied by copyright.We should not simply deny the actual creation right of generative artificial intelligence because it does not have an independent right subject status for the time being,and then ignore the impact of generative artificial intelligence generated content on the creation field of"works",so as to deny the transfer of property rights of relevant works.Property rights in works of generative Al-generated content should not be vested in developers,producers,or the public domain of knowledge,but should be transferred to users.The generated content of generative artificial intelligence should be the object of the crime of copyright infringement.The transfer of property rights of works derived from the content generated by generative artificial intelligence will not affect the determination of copyright infringement.