“全球南方”视野下的俄非“特殊关系模式”分析

Analysis of the Russia-Africa“Special Relationship Model”from a“Global South”Perspective

俄乌冲突爆发后,“全球南方”对于俄罗斯的重要性愈发凸显。作为“全球南方”的重要组成部分,非洲国家随即成为俄罗斯对外战略转型关注的重点。2019年首届俄非峰会后,俄非政治领域合作机制化加深,外交领域相互策应加强,贸易及投资增长缓慢但贸易结构渐趋优化,安全领域合作持续拓展。俄非关系持续升温且深入发展,受到俄罗斯满足自身发展需要、规避外部制裁和推动对外战略转型的内因以及大国竞争加剧导致国际秩序重组等外因的双重影响。虽然当前俄非关系发展受制于“全球南方”自身固有的缺陷、俄罗斯本身实力不济以及大国在非洲的激烈竞争等多种因素的影响,短期内难有突破性成果,但从长远来看,伴随“全球南方”不断突破自身发展瓶颈、俄罗斯坚持“东进南下”的对外方针以及其新建“非洲军团”持续加强在非军事投入,将为俄非“特殊关系模式”的进一步发展奠定新基础、提供新保障。

Following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the significance of the“Global South”for Russia has increasingly come to the fore.As a crucial component of the“Global South”,African countries quickly became a focal point for Russia's foreign strategy transformation.After the inaugural Russia-Africa Summit in 2019,the institutionalization of political cooperation between Russia and Africa deepened,diplomatic support strengthened,and although trade and investment growth were slow,the trade structure improved gradually,with security cooperation also continuously expanding.The relationship between Russia and Africa has been heating up and deepening,influenced both by internal factors such as Russia's meeting its own developmental needs,avoiding external sanctions,and promoting a strategic transformation abroad,and by external factors such as intensified competition among major countries leading to a reorganization of the international order.Although the development of Russia-Africa relations is currently constrained by the inherent flaws of the“Global South”,Russia's own lack of capacity,and intense competition among major countries in Africa,making breakthrough results difficult in the short term,in the long run,as the“Global South”continues to overcome its developmental constraints,Russia persists with its foreign policy strategy of looking East and“South”,and its newly established“African Legion”strengthens its military investments in Africa,this will lay a new foundation and provide new guarantees for the further development of the Russia-Africa“special relationship model”.