迈向《资本论》阐释的第三种逻辑

Towards the Third Interpretation of Logic of Das Kapital

《资本论》虽然是一部揭示资本主义运行方式的科学著作,但其中也蕴含着超越资本主义的价值理想。既往对《资本论》基于“拜物教”批判的价值逻辑阐释以及对之反拨的科学逻辑阐释,均有所偏失,故有必要走向一种基于科学理论与价值理想相互中介的实践逻辑:一方面,科学理论服务于价值目的,其研究领域和对象的选择受价值理想指引或限定;另一方面,这一服务的方式是对价值理想进行中介,即根据所揭示出的事实性规律限定行动的目的与方式,使之具体化为可行之方案。这样一种价值理想与科学理论的交互中介、价值逻辑与科学逻辑的交互中介,方才构成了人的对象性的现实实践活动之构架,因而,对《资本论》的阐释便当在这一综合了科学逻辑与价值逻辑的“第三种逻辑”的视域下进行。

Das Kapital is a scientific work that reveals how capitalism operates,it also contains a value ideal to transcend capitalism.Both of the previous interpretations have been biased,of value logic,which based on the criticism of fetishism,and the interpretations of scientific logic,which object to the former.Therefore,it is necessary to move towards to a practical logic based on the intermediary between scientific theory and value ideal.On the one hand,scientific theories serve value purposes,and so that the choice of their fields and objects is guided or limited by value ideals.On the other hand,this service is performed by mediating the value ideal,which means by defining the aims and means of action in the light of the revealed factual laws,and so that it could be concretized into feasible solutions.Such an interactive mediation between value ideals and scientific theories,and between value logic and scientific logic,constitutes the framework of the real practical activity of human objectivity.Accordingly,the interpretation of Das Kapital should be carried out in the view of the third kind of logic,which synthesizes the scientific logic and the value logic.