社会工作介入应急治理场域的身份形塑——基于历史制度主义的分析框架

The Identity of Social Work in Emergency:Based on Historical Institutionalism

社会工作学科恢复重建三十余年来,学科的“主体性焦虑”从未缺席。在历史制度主义的分析框架下,社会工作介入应急治理场域的身份形塑过程可分为三个阶段。2008年以前社会工作介入应急治理场域的专业身份,是由自然灾害、事故灾难和重大公共卫生事件等相关之社会服务需求与专业断续发展所产出的“制度驱动”式主体身份。2008—2019年,政府主体和专业社会工作于应急治理场域的互动过程中形成了一种“嵌入式”“双向赋权”的主体身份特征。2019年之后,政府主体与专业社会工作于重大公共卫生事件的驱动下呈现出“嵌合”式过程性认同的特征,专业社会工作的主体身份得以进一步彰显。社会工作介入应急治理场域的发展既反映了我国应急治理制度演变的过程,也是制度变迁的结果,政府与社会力量之互动关系折射出应急治理的现代化进程,体现出社会工作于应急治理场域的实践自觉必然与制度化体系保持紧密关系。

The subjectivity anxiety of disciplines has never been absent in the development of social work in China.Under the framework of historical institutionalism,the identity of social work intervention in disaster emergency response can be divided into three stages.Before 2008,the professional identity operation of social work intervention in emergency situations was a"system driven"entity identity appearance produced by the social service needs and intermittent professional development.From 2008 to 2019,government entities and social work formed a"two-way empowerment"identity in the process of"two-way empowerment".After 2019,the"authority dependence"pattern has loosened,and a"chimeric"process identity has been achieved between politics and society.Through a three-stage analysis,the key role of institutions in shaping social work identity reflects the close relationship between the practical consciousness of social work in disaster areas and the institutionalized system.