工业机器人、技能结构升级与企业劳动收入份额

Industrial Robots,Skill Structural Upgrading,and Enterprises'Labor Income Share

提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重是促进共同富裕的基础。机器人应用在引发企业生产力与生产方式变革的同时,将如何重塑生产要素分配格局?为此,文章通过构建理论模型探讨了工业机器人对企业劳动收入份额的影响机理,并利用中国制造业A股上市公司数据实证考察了工业机器人应用对制造企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现,工业机器人应用提高了制造企业劳动收入份额,内生性检验和稳健性检验进一步支持了该结论。基于学历和岗位双重维度的机制分析表明,工业机器人应用主要通过技能结构升级提高企业劳动收入份额。异质性分析表明,在国有企业、技术人员占比低的企业、资本密集型行业、资本劳动替代弹性小的行业、中西部地区和有政策支持的地区,工业机器人应用对企业劳动收入份额的提升作用更为显著。

Increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution is the basis for promoting common prosperity.So how will the application of industrial robots reshape the pattern of factor allocation while triggering the transformation of enterprise productivity and production mode?This paper discusses the influence mechanism of industrial robots on the labor income share of enterprises by constructing a theoretical model and empirically examines the impact of industrial robot applications on the share of labor income within Chinese manufacturing enterprises using micro-data from A-share listed companies.Our study finds that the adoption of industrial robots has increased the labor income share.Endogeneity tests and robustness tests provide further support for this conclusion.Mechanism analysis indicates that the use of industrial robots primarily promotes the increase of labor income share within the enterprise by upgrading the skill structure.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the application of industrial robots has a stronger effect on increasing labor income share within state-owned enterprises,enterprises with a lower proportion of technical personnel,capital-intensive industries,industries with small elasticity of capital-labor substitution,central and western regions and regions with policy support.