企业社会责任下平台劳动力精细化保护研究——基于外卖行业的考察

The Refined Protection of Platform Workforce under Corporate Social Responsibility--An Examination Based on the Food Delivery Industry in China

企业社会责任介入有助于实现精细化的平台劳动力保护。通过对外卖劳动关系司法案件的统计分析发现,基于劳动法律关系下的劳动力保护表现出较强的不确定性,传统劳动法律责任无法适应数字生产力的要求。推动大型数据企业积极承担社会责任,强化对弱势群体的保障帮扶,是应对平台劳动风险的有力保障。企业社会责任介入劳动力保护的原因在于外卖劳动者与传统劳动者相比存在明显的差异性,传统劳动关系不适用数字化生产力下的新型生产关系。结合《民法典》和劳动法律体系,企业社会责任可以有效构成道德约束和监督体系,推动企业社会责任法治化,实现与劳动法、民法的协同效果。为了实现企业社会责任在劳动法和民法体系下的有效介入,应当对不同状态下的外卖员进行精细化分类,采用局部均衡方法分析不同类型外卖员与平台企业的利益相关性差异,明确企业社会责任的法治化边界。

The intervention of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)can facilitate the attainment of nuanced protection for platform labor.In China’s efforts to integrate its real economy and digital economy,the labor protection frameworks fail to adequately recognize the value of workers’data contributions,leading to a pronounced market failure.In the context of digital productivity,workers provide labor production factors for enterprises and also provide data factors,thus changing the original production relations.Platform companies do not provide fair compensation to data producers when acquiring data,which is detrimental to the sustainable development of the delivery industry.The statistical analysis of judicial cases concerning labor relations reveals that protections afforded by conventional labor legal relations are marred by a high degree of uncertainty,and these traditional labor legal frameworks fall short of meeting the imperatives of digital productivity.The impetus for CSR engagement in labor protection stems from the distinct differences between delivery workers and traditional employees,with conventional labor relations are not applicable to the new production relations with digital productivity.The pivotal role of the data element in delineating the scope of a platform enterprise’s CSR is underscored.The contribution of data elements demarcates the real economy from the digital economy,propelling the development of digital productive forces and fundamentally reshaping production relations,thereby necessitating a redefinition of legal relationships.When the law regards workers as equal counterparts to employers under the Civil Code,the data produced during their labor ceases to be an internal production factor for the company and instead warrants independent remuneration.Conversely,classifying digital laborers as integral to the production organization means their data accumulation is merely an internal production factor,absolving the platform of the need for additional compensation.Drawing on the Civil Code and labor legal frameworks,CSR can effectively establish a moral and supervisory architecture,fostering the legal evolution of CSR and facilitating its coordination with labor and civil laws.By examining the varying degrees of difficulty for workers to exit or join the platform based on differing labor durations,a partial equilibrium analysis framework is proposed.Delivery platform workers are categorized into contract-based delivery workers,interest-related,full-time delivery workers,and full-time delivery workers under enhanced protection,with each category corresponding to civil,corporate social,and labor legal liabilities are applied to each category.