人类活动对黄河三角洲湿地碳排放的影响研究进展

Research Progress on Impacts of Human Activities on Carbon Emissions in the Yellow River DeltaWetlands

二氧化碳(CO_(2))和甲烷(CH_(4))是两种重要的温室气体,全球大气CO_(2)和CH_(4)浓度已达80万年来新高。滨海湿地具有极大的碳捕获和埋藏潜力,被认为是地球上重要的“蓝色碳汇”,同时,滨海湿地也是大气中CO_(2)和CH_(4)的重要自然来源。黄河三角洲湿地作为中国受强烈海陆相互作用的重要湿地生态系统之一,为湿地碳排放研究提供了理想场所,其碳排放过程及其对环境变化的响应机制是当前学术界的研究热点。利用CiteSpace软件,以Web of Science核心数据库中已发表的2013—2023年的相关文章作为数据源,总结了黄河三角洲滨海湿地碳排放过程对不同人类活动(盐渍化、过度施肥、重金属输入和微塑料污染)的响应特征与机制的研究前沿和最新研究进展。结果表明,不同人类活动对滨海湿地碳排放均具有重要影响,其中,盐渍化与过量氮输入对黄河三角洲滨海湿地碳排放的影响十分显著,重金属与微塑料污染的潜在影响也不容忽视。提出了滨海湿地碳排放的未来研究方向,为黄河三角洲地区实现可持续发展、温室气体减排以及推进中国碳中和事业提供了微生物生态学视角和科学指导。

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and methane(CH_(4))are two pivotal greenhouse gases,and their atmospheric concentrations have reached the highest levels in 800000 years.Coastal wetlands have great potential for carbon capture and burial,and are considered to be important“blue carbon”sinks on Earth.At the same time,coastal wetlands are also important natural sources of CO_(2)and CH_(4)in the atmosphere.The Yellow River Delta wetland,influenced by intense sea-land interactions,is an excellent location for studying wetland carbon emissions.The carbon emission processes and their response mechanisms to environmental changes are the current research hotspots.Using CiteSpace software and relevant articles published in the core database of Web of Science from 2013 to 2023,we summarized the research frontiers and latest progresses on the response characteristics and mechanisms of carbon emissions in coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta,especially concerning different anthropogenic effects,such as salinization,over-fertilization,heavy metal input,and microplastic pollution.The results showed that salinization and excessive nitrogen input have significant impacts on carbon emissions of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta,and the potential impacts of heavy metal and microplastic pollution cannot be ignored.We proposed the future research direction of coastal wetland carbon emissions,and provided the microbial ecological perspective and scientific guidance for sustainable development,greenhouse gas emission reduction in the Yellow River Delta and carbon neutrality in China.