我国女性参与立法制度保障的三原则

The Three Principles of Institutional Safeguards for Women's Participation in Legislation in China

女性参与立法是女性权益保障的重要内容和手段。女性主义理论在对“作为权利的公民身份理论”与“作为责任的公民身份理论”进行批判的基础上,提出了“作为主体性的公民身份理论”。观察当前我国女性参与立法的实践,可以总结出“最低比例”与“影响评价”两个制度保障原则;但是,它们各自存在着一定的固有缺陷。对此,还需要反思性地补充“主体性参与原则”。该原则要求女性以主体身份,实质性地参与到立法过程中,表达女性需求与主张,输入女性视角与经验,重构既有立法中的权利与责任分配。三个原则互相补充、共同作用,从而全面地构成女性参与立法的制度结构,促进相应的行动结构的再生产。

The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women's rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship identity theory as responsibilities,”proposes the“citizenship identity theory as subjectivity”.Observing the current practice of women's participation in legislation in China,two institutional safeguard principles can be summarized:the“minimum proportion”and the“influence evaluation”.However,each of these principles has its inherent limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to supplement them with the principle of“subjective participation”in a reflective manner.This principle requires women to participate substantively in the legislative process as subjects,express women's needs and demands,input women's perspectives and experiences,and reconstruct the distribution of rights and responsibilities in the existing legislation.The three principles complement each other and work together to comprehensively constitute the institutional structure of women's participation in legislation,thereby promoting the reproduction of corresponding action structures.