论国际私法视域下基本权利的介入路径

The Intervention Path of Fundamental Rights under the Scope of International Private Law

近年来,国际私法学者通过引入宪法理论装置来论证基本权利对国际私法的辐射效力,但对于基本权利应以何种方式介入涉外民商事司法实践尚缺乏体系化研究。在国际私法的发展过程中,公共政策作为法院地实体价值的历史载体,一直以来发挥着重要的价值审查功能。当国际私法案件中出现与基本权利价值相悖的情况时,公共政策通过对法律选择结果的间接排除,保障基本权利所承载的人权价值不受侵犯。但由于受到联系程度与相对性条件限制,传统公共政策路径存在一定局限,无法为基本权利提供充分保护,故需要法官转变逻辑范式,超越双边选法模式,引入基本权利的直接介入路径。直接介入路径以基本权利的保护范围、干预与正当化为逻辑分析框架,能够在权衡不同法益冲突之际,最大限度保护当事人的基本权利。

In recent years,international private law scholars have argued for the radiating effect of fundamental rights on international private law by introducing constitutional theory.However,there remains a lack of systematic research on how fundamental rights should be integrated into judicial practices concerning foreign-related civil and commercial cases.Throughout the development of international private law,public policy has served as a historical carrier of substantive values for judicial entities and has consistently played a crucial role in value review.In cases of international private law where conflicts arise with the values of fundamental rights,public policy indirectly excludes the legal choice outcomes to safeguard the human rights values inherent in fundamental rights from infringement.However,due to limitations imposed by the degree of connection and relative conditions,traditional paths of public policy have certain constraints and cannot provide comprehensive protection for fundamental rights.Therefore,there is a need for judges to shift their logical paradigms,transcend bilateral choice-of-law models,and introduce a direct intervention path for fundamental rights.This direct intervention path utilizes the logical analysis framework of the protection scope,intervention,and justification of fundamental rights.It can effectively balance conflicting legal interests and maximize the protection of the fundamental rights of the parties involved.