深圳市龙岗区在建工地登革热疫情风险及防控现状调查

Investigation on the epidemic risk and prevention and control status of dengue fever at construction sites in Longgang District,Shenzhen,China

目的掌握深圳市龙岗区在建工地登革热防控现状,有针对性地提出防控建议。方法2023年9月对龙岗区在建工地的蚊媒密度和孳生地进行现场调查,比较建筑工地的布雷图指数(BI)、蚊媒孳生地类型、蚊媒密度超标比例;分析建筑工地防蚊灭蚊措施与制度、管理人员对登革热防控的认识等因素对工地蚊媒控制的影响;用χ^(2)检验或Fisher精确检验法进行率的比较,用趋势χ^(2)检验率的变化趋势。结果共调查工地48处,工地工棚30处,地下室41处。工地工棚和地下室BI均值分别为4.62和4.51,2类场所蚊媒密度超标率分别为33.33%和31.71%;工地工棚孳生地以生活垃圾积水、建筑垃圾积水和生活储水容器为主,地下室孳生地以地面低洼积水、排水沟渠和竖井为主。14.58%的工地负责人熟悉登革热防控要求,79.17%基本了解,6.25%不了解,负责人对登革热防控越熟悉,工地蚊媒密度达标率越高(趋势χ^(2)=5.070,P=0.038);95.83%的工地定期灭蚊,其中≥1次/2周的占比为68.78%,1次/月或1次/2月的占比为27.08%;43.75%的工地未定期对积水投放缓释灭蚊幼药物,其蚊媒密度达标率为45.00%,其余56.25%工地定期使用缓释灭蚊幼药物,蚊媒密度达标率为77.77%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.347,P=0.032)。结论龙岗区在建工地人员密集,蚊媒密度高,登革热疫情暴发风险高;工地管理方应重视登革热防控,并通过环境改造、采用防蚊措施和灭蚊幼药物等降低登革热传播风险。

Objective To investigate the current situation of dengue fever prevention and control at construction sites in Longgang District,Shenzhen,China,and to propose targeted prevention and control suggestions.Methods A field survey on mosquito density and breeding sites was conducted in September 2023 to investigate the Breteau index,the types of mosquito breeding sites,and the rate of mosquito density exceeding the standard at construction sites,and to analyze the influence of mosquito control measures and regulations and the management’s knowledge of dengue fever prevention and control on the control of vector mosquitoes at construction sites.The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the rates,and the changes in rates were tested by the Chi-square test for trend.Results A total of 48 construction sites,30 sheds,and 41 basements were investigated.The average Breteau index values of the sheds and basements were 4.62 and 4.51,respectively,and the mosquito density below the standard limit of the sheds by 33.33% and of the basement by 31.71%.The shed-related breeding places mainly included standing water around domestic waste,standing water around construction waste,and domestic water storage containers,and the basement-related breeding places mainly included low-lying standing water on the ground,drainage ditches,and shafts.For dengue prevention and control requirements,14.58% of the site managers had a good knowledge,79.17% had a fair knowledge,and 6.25% had no knowledge.A higher level of knowledge of dengue prevention and control of site managers was associated with a higher rate of mosquito density reaching the standard at construction sites(the Chi-square test for trend,χ^(2)=5.070,P=0.038).Regular mosquito control was conducted at 95.83% of the construction sites(once every two weeks or more,68.78%;once every one or two months,27.08%);43.75% of the construction sites did not regularly apply sustainedrelease larvicides to standing water,with the rate of mosquito density reaching the standard being 45.00%,and the remaining 56.25% sites regularly used sustained-release larvicides,with the rate of mosquito density reaching the standard being 77.77%,showing a significant difference between the two(χ^(2)=5.347,P=0.032).Conclusions The construction sites in Longgang District are densely populated and the density of vector mosquitoes is high,indicating a high risk of dengue fever outbreaks.The site management should pay attention to the prevention and control of dengue fever,and reduce the risk of transmission of dengue fever through environmental modification and the use of mosquito larvae control pesticides.