空蚀风险判别及分级方法研究

Investigation on Cavitation Erosion Risk Discrimination and Classification Method

空蚀是过流部件受空化冲击作用而破坏的一种现象,不仅会影响船舶过流部件的水动力性能,还会威胁局部结构的安全性。空蚀风险则指空蚀出现的可能性,主要体现为空化流动的破坏性。现阶段的空蚀控制主要是在设计阶段采用优化措施降低空蚀风险,其前提是不同设计方案空蚀风险的准确评估。受研究手段及物理机制等多重因素的限制,国内对空蚀风险的判断方法较为单一,且受人为经验影响较大,严重影响了评估结果的可靠性。针对上述技术现状,该文构建了基于高速摄影、压力脉动以及涂层空蚀试验结果的空蚀风险综合评判及分级体系,可为空蚀风险的判别提供更有效的支撑。

Cavitation is a phenomenon in which hydraulic components are damaged by cavitation impact.It not only affects the hydrodynamic performance of ship hydraulic components,but also threatens the safety of local structures.The erosion risk of cavitation refers to the possibility of cavitation erosion occurring,mainly reflected in the destructive effect of cavitation flow.At present,the main control method for cavitation erosion is to reduce the risk of cavitation erosion through optimization measures during the design stage,but the prerequisite is to accurately evaluate the cavitation erosion risk of different designs.However,due to multiple factors such as research tools and physical mechanisms,the assessment method for cavitation erosion risk in China is relatively limited,and the method is strongly related to the experience of the researchers,which greatly affects the reliability of the evaluation results.In this article,a comprehensive evaluation and classification system for cavitation erosion risk is constructed based on high-speed photography,pressure pulsation and painting results.It can provide more effective support for the identification of cavitation erosion risk.