反复低血糖患者血糖管理行为退化特征的混合研究

Behavioral characteristics of patients with recurrent hypoglycemia in the degeneracy of blood glucose management:a mixed-methods study

目的探讨反复低血糖患者血糖管理行为的退化过程及主要特征。方法采用聚敛式设计的混合方法研究。采用方便抽样法,选取2022年6月—2023年4月在江苏省常熟市某三级甲等中医医院内分泌科就诊的382例反复低血糖患者进行问卷调查,并对其血糖管理行为进行K-均值聚类分析;同期,采用方便抽样法和目的抽样法,以最大差异化为原则,选取19例患者进行半结构式访谈。结果量性研究结果:反复低血糖患者血糖管理损耗得分为(49.20±6.58)分,认知控制、行为控制和情绪控制维度得分分别为(17.90±4.12)、(15.49±3.64)和(15.81±3.58)分;聚类分析将血糖管理行为退化特征分为认知损耗组、情绪损耗组和自我控制组。质性研究结果:反复低血糖患者血糖管理退化过程包括3个主题,即行为损耗前因、行为损耗过程和行为损耗后效。混合研究结果:在血糖管理进程中,患者更关注即时效果,忽略管理行为长期维持的重要作用,呈现非理性的决策行为;退化行为特征可分为3组,其血糖管理各行为退化特征不同。结论反复低血糖患者的血糖管理退化行为较严重,是多种因素联合作用、持续消耗自我控制能量的结果。可从知识、情绪和行为层面着手,帮助患者明晰可能的血糖发展趋势,提高对血糖管理价值的理解和认同,从而推动管理行为的长期维持。

Objective To explore the process and main behavior characteristics of behavioral characteristics of patients with recurrent hypoglycemia in the degeneracy of blood glucose management.Methods A mixed-method convergent design was used to collect data.From June 2022 to April 2023,382 patients with recurrent hypoglycemia were admitted to the endocrine department of a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu were recruited to score of ego depletion.K-means clustering was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of patients’characteristics in blood glucose management.At the same time,19 patients who were selected from the participants of the quantitative study were recruited to attend semi-structured interviews.Results Quantitative results analysis:the average score of blood glucose management loss was(49.20±6.58),and the average scores of cognitive control,behavioral control and emotional control were(17.90±4.12),(15.49±3.64)and(15.81±3.58),respectively.The results of cluster analysis showed that behavioral characteristics could be divided into 3 groups:a cognitive depletion group,an emotional depletion group and a self-control group.Qualitative data analysis:the process of deterioration of management in patients included 3 major themes,including the antecedents of ego depletion,the process of ego depletion and the aftereffects of ego depletion.Analysis of the mixed results showed that the status of ego depletion is serious;patients ignore the behavioral elements of active participation in blood glucose management,show many irrational decision-making behaviors,and the degradation behavior characteristics of patients’blood glucose management are different.Conclusion The degeneration behavior of blood glucose management was serious and affected by single or multiple factors,continuously consuming self-control energy and causing ego depletion.To promote the long-term maintenance of blood glucose management,priority should be given to take actions to enhance patients’perceptions,emotion and behaviors,help them learn about the possible blood glucose changes,improve their understanding and recognition of the value of scientific management.