农业生产托管如何影响农户绿色技术采纳?

How does agricultural production trusteeship influence farmers'adoption of green technologies?

农户生产行为“绿色化”是农业绿色转型的关键,阐释与检验农业生产托管对农户绿色技术采纳的影响机理和促进效果具有现实意义。该研究基于中国土地经济调查(CLES)1268份农户数据,通过构建调节效应模型,从要素配置视角检验农业生产托管对农户绿色技术采纳的影响关系;运用倾向得分匹配(PSM)法解决样本“自选择”和内生性问题,揭示购买农业生产托管服务农户和未购买农户在绿色技术采纳方面的差异性;最后,根据农户对农业要素的依赖程度将农业生产托管服务分为劳动节约型服务和技术密集型服务,并运用分群组回归检验不同类型托管服务对差异性农户的异质性影响效果。研究结果表明:①农业生产托管不仅显著促进农户绿色技术采纳,且随着农业生产托管参与程度的提高,农户绿色技术采纳的效果越显著。②农业生产托管通过地块规模、土地肥力和劳动力非农就业的调节作用促进农户绿色技术采纳。③基于农户分化视角,根据非农收入占比将农户划分为以农业收入为主追求产量最大化的生产型农户和以兼业为主追求生活满足感的生活型农户。结果显示,劳动节约型托管服务对生活型农户绿色技术采纳促进效果显著,技术密集型托管服务对生产型农户促进效果更强。由此,该研究提出,应大力支持农业生产托管发展,通过政策支持或补贴等方式激励托管组织为农户提供多元服务;有效识别农户农业生产要素的作用,提升农业生产托管组织的服务能力,提供精准化托管服务。

The‘greening’of farmers'production behaviors is the key to the green transformation of agriculture,and it is of practical significance to explain and test the mechanisms and effects of agricultural production trusteeship on promoting farmers'adoption of green technologies.Using data from the China Land Economy Survey(CLES)on 1268 farm households,this study investigated the im⁃pact of agricultural production trusteeship on farmers'adoption of green technologies from a factor allocation perspective by construct⁃ing a moderating effect model.Then,the study employed the propensity score matching(PSM)method to address the issues of self-selec⁃tion and endogeneity of the sample,and to reveal the differences in the adoption of green technologies between farmers participating in agricultural production trusteeship services and those who were not.Finally,agricultural production trusteeship services were classified into labor-saving and technology-intensive services in accordance with the degree of farmers'dependence on agricultural factors,and subgroup regression was applied to test the heterogeneous effects of different types of trusteeship services on differentiated farmers.The results indicated that:①Agricultural production trusteeship promoted the adoption of green technologies by farmers and improved its effects as the level of participation in trusteeship increased.②Agricultural production trusteeship encouraged farmers to adopt green technologies,moderated by plot size,land fertility,and off-farm employment of laborers.③From the perspective of farm household dif⁃ferentiation,farm households could be divided into two types:production-type and subsistence-type.Production-type farm households aim to maximize yield mainly through agricultural income,while subsistence-type farm households aim to satisfy their daily needs main⁃ly through part-time work.The results indicated that labor-saving trusteeship services significantly promoted the adoption of green tech⁃nologies by subsistence-type farm households.On the other hand,technology-intensive trusteeship services promoted the adoption of green technologies by production-type farm households even more intensely.Therefore,the study suggests strong support for the devel⁃opment of agricultural production trusteeship and incentivizing trusteeship organizations to provide diversified services to farmers through policy support or subsidies.It also recommends effectively identifying the role of agricultural production factors among farmers and upgrading the service capacity of agricultural production trusteeship organizations to provide precise trusteeship services.